Degeneration - Neuro

Question 1

loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal branches following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells

Answer 1

neuronal degeneration

Question 2

progressive loss of structure or function of neurons

Answer 2

neurodegenerative diseases

Question 3

degeneration of neurons diseases

Answer 3

motor neuron disease
cerebellar degenerations (cerebellar abiotrophy)

Question 4

axonal degeneration diseases

Answer 4

wallerian-like degenerative axonopathies
axonopathies with prominent axonal swelling

Question 5

myelin disorder diseases

Answer 5

leukodystrophies
(globoid cell leukodystrophy)
myelin dysgenesis

Question 6

storage diseases

Answer 6

LSDs
Ceroid lipofuscinosis

Question 7

spongiform encephalopathies

Answer 7

prion diseases

Question 8

spongy degeneration (status spongiosus)

Answer 8

congenital neuraxial edema/ spongy degeneration (aminoacidopathies)
metabolic encephalopathy
intoxications

Question 9

degeneration and loss of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord + variable axonal degeneration in the ventral spinal nerve rootlets and peripheral nerves

Answer 9

motor neuron disease

Question 10

clinical signs of motor neuron diseases

Answer 10

weakness, muscle atrophy, weight loss, “shaking”

Question 11

primary premature neuronal degeneration not secondary to toxin or infectious agent restricted to the cerebellar cortex or involve connected neural systems

Answer 11

cerebellar abiotrophy

Question 12

cerebellar abiotrophy presentation

Answer 12

develops after the cerebellum is fully formed
affected animals appear normal at birth
ataxia and dysmetria before maturity

Question 13

cerebellar abiotrophy lesions

Answer 13

normal or shrunken cerebellum
neuronal degeneration and loss + reactive gliosis

Question 14

affected oligodendroglia and schwann cells are deficient in GALC leading to the recruitment of microglia that turn into globoid cells

Answer 14

globoid cell leukodystrophy

Question 15

presentation of globoid cell leukodystrophy

Answer 15

dogs and cats
2nd to 7th month of life

Question 16

lesions of GCL

Answer 16

white matter has bilateral symmetrical degenerative changes that are PAS +
and the changes in the grey matter are minimal

Question 17

inherited progressive, lethal, multisystemic disorder in animals and humans with granular or vacuolar cytoplasm and cytotoxicity leads to necrosis of neurons/ glial cells

Answer 17

lysosomal storage diseases

Question 18

accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin in macrophages following lipid degeneration and peroxidation because of the a missing enzyme

Answer 18

ceroid lipofuscinosis

Question 19

presentation of ceroid lipofuscinosis

Answer 19

inherited storage disease
siamese cats
south hampshire sheep
devon cattle
nubian goats
dogs

Question 20

clinical signs of ceroid lipofuscinosis

Answer 20

hyperactivity with aimless wandering
abnormal behavior
mania
rage
abnormal gait

Question 21

lesion of ceroid lipfuscinosis

Answer 21

cytotoxicity
neuronal necrosis
cerebral atrophy

Question 22

example of a spongiform encephalopathie

Answer 22

prion disease

Question 23

lesions of prion disease

Answer 23

spongiform change of the neuropil and neuronal degeneration, apoptosis and loss with prominent cytoplasmic vacuoles

Question 24

what is not a feature of prion disease

Answer 24

inflammation

Question 25

clinical differentials for BSE

Answer 25

hypomagnesemia acetonemia rabies CNS diseases

Question 26

prion disease diagnosis

Answer 26

lesions in obex amyloid plaques lymphoid tissue in 3rd eyelid of sheep tonsils or retropharyneal lymph nodes with deer

Question 27

multiple fluid-filled clear spaces in the white matter of H&E stained sections of the CNS possibly due to edema, wallerian degeneration or other hypoxic, toxic or metabolic diseases

Answer 27

spongy degeneration

Question 28

inherited deficiency of enzyme necessary to metabolize BCAAs with a sweet odor to urine

Answer 28

Maple Syrup Disease

Question 29

inherited error of metabolism of the urea cycle

Answer 29

Bovine Citriullinemia (hyperammonemia)

Question 30

types of metabolic status spongiosus encephalopathies

Answer 30

hepatic encephalopathy renal encephalopathy