Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy > Brain Functions & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain Functions & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the brain is the telencephalon?

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

Conscious part of the brain 1. Conscious motor movement: initiates movement of skeletal muscle 2. Perceives conscious sensory input 3. Interpretation 4. Involved in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Longitudinal fissure?

A

Deep sulcus that divides the cerebrum into Right & Left hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Central sulcus?

A

Separates frontal & parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the parts of the frontal lobe?

A
  1. Precentral gyrus 2. Broca’s area 3. Affective language area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

Located in the frontal lobe 1. Primary motor area 2. Initiates conscious movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the Broca’s area?

A

Located in frontal lobe, usually only in L hemisphere 1. Production of speech/writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the affective language area?

A

Location in frontal lobe, same spot as Broca’s in R hemisphere 1. Affects pitch & intonation 2. Vocalizing in a musical way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the lateral sulcus?

A

Separates the frontal & parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

Located in the parietal lobe 1. Somatosensory area 2. Skin senstations felt here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the parts of the temporal lobe?

A
  1. Wernicke’s area 2. “R hemisphere Wernicke’s area” 3. Primary auditory area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the Wernicke’s area?

A

Located in Temporal lobe, usually only in L hemisphere 1. Recognition of language 2. Formulation of speech/language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is expressive aphasia?

A

aka Broca’s aphasia Loss of ability to produce language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is receptive aphasia?

A

Damage to Wernicke’s area People speak but don’t make any sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the “R Hemisphere Wernicke’s area?”

A

Recognize & interpret ambiguous words ex. pitcher has 2 meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the primary auditory area?

A

Located in the Temporal lobe Hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the parietooccipital sulcus?

A

Divides the parietal & occipital lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the association areas?

A

Areas for thinking, rationalization & personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the association tracts?

A

Located in cerebral medulla Interconnect different areas of the same hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the commisural tract?

A

Located in cerebral medulla Connects the L&R hemispheres ex. Corpus collosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the projection tracts?

A

Located in the cerebral medulla Interconnect the cerebrum with other parts of the brain ex. internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is in the cerebral medullary gray matter?

A

Basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the parts of the diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus 2. Epithalamus 3. Hypothalamus 4. Subthalamus 5. Retina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the functions of the thalamus?
Located in the diencephalon 1. Receives all sensory input 2. Relay area - Directs info. to different parts of the cerebrum 3. Filters input (except olfactory)
26
What is the function of the epithalamus?
Located in the diencephalon aka pineal gland -secretes melatonin
27
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
Located in the diencephalon 1. Controls autonomic functions - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands 2. Control centers: hunger, thirst, sex drive, sleep, circadian rythyms 3. Links nervous system to endocrine system 4. Suspends pituitary gland w/ infundibulum
28
What are the parts of the mesencephalon?
aka midbrain 1. Tegmentum 2. Tectum
29
What are the parts of the tegmentum?
Located in midbrain 1. Gray matter: red nucleus & substantia nigra 2. White matter - part of internal capsule w/ projection tracts
30
What is the function of the red nucleus?
Part of tegmentum of midbrain Coordinates arm & shoulder movements w/ other movements in body
31
What are the parts of the tectum?
Located in midbrain 1. Superior colliculi 2. Inferior colliculi -divided by cerebral aqueduct
32
What is the function of the superior colliculi?
Located in tectum of midbrain Filters info. from retina so you can focus (visual input)
33
What is the function of the inferior colliculi?
Located in tectum of midbrain Filters incoming auditory stimulus
34
What are the parts of the Metencephalon?
1. Pons 2. Cerebellum
35
What is located in the gray matter of the pons?
1. Respiratory center 2. Cranial nerve nuclei - innervates face, mouth, jaw, eyes, ears
36
What is located in the white matter of the pons?
1. Part of internal capsule 2. Pontem commissure
37
What is the function of the Pontem Commissure?
Located in white matter of pons Interconnects 2 halves of cerebellum
38
What is the function of the cerebellum?
1. Coordination of movement 2. Proprioception 3. Muscle tone
39
What makes up the myelencephalon?
medulla oblongata
40
What are the nuclei of the medulla oblongata?
1. Basal respiratory centers 2. Basal cardiac center 3. Vasomotor center 4. Vomition center 5. Deglutition center
41
What are the basal ganglia?
Clusters of large nuclei that function together to modify motor activity 1. Striatum: caudate nucleus & putamen 2. Globus pallidus 3. Subthalamic nucleus 4. Substantia nigra
42
What results from neural death w/in the substantia nigra?
Parkinson's
43
What results from neural death in the caudate nucleus?
Huntington's
44
What results from a malfunctioning striatum?
OCD or ADHD
45
What results from many malfunctioning basal nuclei?
Tourette's
46
What is the function of the menginges?
Suspend & protect the brain -produce subarachnoid space
47
What are the dura mater infoldings in the brain?
1. Falx cerebri 2. Tentorium cerebelli 3. Falx cerebelli 4. Diaphrama sellae
48
What is the pathway of the dural venous sinuses?
Cerebral veins drain into the cerebral sinuses which converge in the sigmoid sinuses and leave out of the jugular foramina
49
What is the pathway of the straight sinus?
The inferior sagittal sinus & great cerebral vein drain into the straight sinus which drains into the confluence
50
What is the pathway of the transverse sinus?
The confluence drains into the transverse sinuses that drains into the sigmoid sinus
51
What is the pathway of the occipital sinus?
Drains into confluence
52
What drains into the cavernous sinuses?
1. Intercavernous sinuses 2. Basilar plexus 3. Superior opthalmic vein 4. Spehnoparietal sinus
53
What is the pathway of the superior petrosal sinus?
The cavernous sinus drains into the superior petrosal sinus that drains into the sigmoid sinus
54
What are the arachnoid trabeculae?
suspensory ligaments that imbed themselves into pia mater
55
What is the subarachnoid space?
Contains CSF and has arterioles & venuoles
56
What is the function of the Olfactory Nerves?
Cranial Nerve I Composed of many small nerves that run through cribiform plate of ethmoid bone (olfactory foramina) -Sensory - sense of smell
57
Where do the optic nerves enter the brain?
Optic canal
58
What is the function of the optic nerves?
Cranial Nerve II sensory - vision actually tracts
59
Where does the oculomotor nerve exit the brain?
superior orbital fissure
60
What are the functions of the oculomotor nerves?
Cranial Nerve III 1. Somatic motor - all eye musles except superior oblique & lateral rectus 2. Parasympathetic motor - pupillary sphincter & ciliary body
61
Where does the trochlear nerve exit the brain?
superior orbital fissure
62
What is the function of the trochlear nerve?
Cranial Nerve IV Somatic motor - superior oblique muscle
63
What are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Cranial Nerve V 1. Opthalmic branch 2. Maxillary branch 3. Mandibular
64
What is the function of Cranial Nerve V1?
Sensory: 1. Forehead 2. Eyes (cornea) 3. Paranasal sinuses (except maxillary sinuses)
65
Where does Cranial Nerve V1 exit?
Superior orbital fissure to supraorbital notch
66
What is the function of Cranial Nerve V2?
Sensory: 1. Eyes down to upper lip 2. Upper teeth, palate, upper lip, maxillary sinus
67
Where does Cranial Nerve V2 exit?
foramen rotundem to infraorbital foramen
68
What is the function of Cranial Nerve V3?
Sensory: 1. Lower face 2. Lower teeth & lip 3. Inside of mouth except palate 4. Tongue 5. TMJ Somatic Motor: 1. Muscles of mastication 2. Anterior belly of digastric 3. Tensor tympani
69
Where does Cranial Nerve V3 exit?
foramen ovale to mandibular foramen to mental foramen
70
What is the function of Cranial Nerve VI?
Abducens Nerve Somatic motor: lateral rectus muscle
71
Where does Cranial Nerve VI exit?
superior orbital fissure
72
What are the functions of the facial nerve?
Cranial Nerve VII 1. Somatic motor 2. Parasympathetic motor 3. Sensory
73
What does the somatic motor division of facial nerve do?
1. Muscles of facial expression 2. Posterior belly of digastric 3. Stapedius muscle
74
What does the parasympathetic division of facial nerve do?
1. Lacrimal gland 2. Submandibular gland 3. Sublingual gland
75
What does the sensory division of facial nerve do?
anterior 2/3 of tongue & palate taste
76
Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve leave?
internal acoustic meatus
77
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Cranial Nerve VIII Sensory: equilibrium & hearing
78
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit?
jugular foramen
79
What are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Cranial Nerve IX 1. Somatic motor 2. Parasympathetic motor 3. Sensory
80
What does the somatic motor division of glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Oropharynx - initiates swallowing
81
What does the parasympathetic motor division of glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Parotid gland
82
What does the sensory division of glossopharyngeal nerve do?
1. External ear 2. Middle ear 3. Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue 4. Carotid sinus - monitors BP 5. Carotid body - monitors Os & CO2 & blood temp
83
Where does the vagus nerve exit?
jugular foramen
84
What are the functions of the vagus nerve?
1. Somatic motor 2. Parasympathetic motor 3. Sensory
85
What does the somatic motor division of vagus nerve do?
1. Pharynx (except oropharynx) 2. Larynx 3. Soft palate 4. Upper esophagus
86
What does the parasympathetic motor division of vagus nerve do?
1. Glands 2. Smooth muscle of viscera - thoracic & abdomen
87
What does the sensory division of vagus nerve do?
1. Pharynx 2. Larynx 3. Dura mater 4. Tympanic membrane 5. Viscera 6. Taste - posterior 1/3 or palate
88
Where does the spinal accessory nerve emerge from?
jugular foramen
89
What are the functions of the spinal accessory nerve?
Cranial Nerve XI Not really a cranial nerve, emerges from spinal cord Somatic motor: 1. Sternocleidomastoid 2. Trapezius
90
Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit?
hypoglossal canal
91
What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?
Cranial Nerve XII Somatic motor - Muscles of the tongue
92
Which nerves leave the superior orbital fissure?
1. III - Oculomotor 2. IV - Trochlear 3. V1 - Opthalmic branch of trigeminal 4. VII - Abducens
93
Which is the longest cranial nerve?
Vagus - X
94
Which is the shortest cranial nerve?
Olfactory - I
95
Which is the largest cranial nerve?
Trigeminal - V
96
Which nerves control eye movement?
1. Oculomotor - III 2. Trochlear - IV 3. Abducens - VI
97
Which nerves are responsible for saliva?
1. Facial - VII 2. Glossopharyngeal - IX
98
Which nerves are for parasympathetic motor?
1. Facial - VII 2. Glossopharyngeal - IX 3. Vagus - X 4. Oculomotor - III
99
What does the ansa cervicalis innervate?
-infrahyoid muscles from C1-C3
100
What does the phrenic nerve innervate?
diaphragm

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions