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Clinical Anatomy > Ear! > Flashcards

Ear! Flashcards

To learn the anatomy of the ear

1
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

External Ear, Middle Ear (within the Temporal bone), and Inner Ear (within the Temporal Bone)

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2
Q

What are the two components of the external ear as discussed in class?

A

Auricle and the External Acoustic Meatus

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3
Q

What is the auricle made up of?

A

Elastic Cartilage, covered with skin

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4
Q

Name the components of the auricle and describe each (6).

A 
Helix - outer rim of the ear
Antihelix - Inner rim (Y shaped)
Tragus -prominence on inner side of external ear
Antitragus - prominence above the lobule
Cavus - entrance to the "cave"
Lobule - Ear lobe!
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5
Q

How is the lobule different than the other components of the auricle?

A

It does NOT contain any cartilage.

It is the only part of the ear that continues to grow!

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6
Q

How long is the External Acoustic Meatus and what shape is it?

A

2-3cm, S-shape (therefore, to examine this structure, you must pull on the auricle to straighten out the canal)

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7
Q

What is the External Acoustic Meatus made up of?

A

Outer 1/3 - Elastic Cartilage

Inner 2/3 - Bony

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8
Q

What glands are in the external acoustic meatus, where are they located, and what does it secrete?

A

Ceruminous gland - secretes cerumen (ear wax) to prevent desiccation.

These glands are found in the outer 1/3 of the external acoustic meatus.

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9
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus sealed by?

A

The tympanic membrane (1cm diameter)

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10
Q

What are the parts of the tympanic membrane discussed in class?

A

Pars Tensa - fibrous (rigid)
Pars Flaccida - Air vibrations make it vibrate
Umbo - divet for tip of handle of malleus

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11
Q

What are the three components of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic Cavity, Auditory Ossicles, and the Pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)

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12
Q

What are the two components of the tympanic cavity?

A

Tympanic Cavity Proper - tube/cavity

Epitympanic Recess - aka the attic of the cavity - ossicles

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13
Q

The auditory ossicles stretch from what to what?

A

Tympanic Membrane to the Oval Window (membrane against fluid)

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14
Q

What kind of relationship does vibratory force and amplitude have?

A

Inverse.

When the vibratory force increases, the vibratory amplitude decreases.

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15
Q

What are the three auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)

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16
Q

Name and describe the anatomy of the malleus (2).

A

Handle tip - draws in the tympanic membrane, creating the umbo (invagination)

Head - articulates with the incus

17
Q

Name and describe the anatomy of the incus (3).

A

Body - articulate with the malleus
Short limb - attaches to the chamber wall
Long limb - articulates with stapes

18
Q

Name and describe the anatomy of the stapes (3).

A

Head - Articulates with incus
Neck - Stapedius muscle location
Base (foot plate) - Presses against oval window

19
Q

Name the muscles associated with the ossicles (as discussed in class).

A

Tensor Tympani

Stapedius Muscle

20
Q

Details on the tensor tympani muscle, please!

A

Grabs the handle of the malleus

Dampens malleus-tympanic membrane

21
Q

Details on the stapedius muscle, please!

A

Inserts into the neck of the stapes.

Reduces vibrations by pulling/tension

Pulls to stabilize position also

22
Q

What happens with loss of function of a muscle associated with the ossicles?

A

Sensitivity - loud hearing

23
Q

What is the purpose of the Eustachian tube?

A

Equalizes air pressure

Drains mucus from the tympanic chamber

24
Q

What is the location of the Pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Stretches from the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx

25
Q

What is the E-tube made up of?

A 
Proximal side(1/3) -  bony
Distal side (2/3) - cartilagenous, bound by muscles
26
Q

Is the Eustachian tube usually open or closed?

A

Closed

27
Q

When does the Eustachian tube open?

A

When swallowing

28
Q

What is a Pastulous E-tube?

A

The Pharyngotympanic tube is always open.. an individual with this generally talks quiter because they hear themselves talking loudly since the tube is open

29
Q

What is the anatomy of the inner ear?

A

Contains the Vestibulocochlear organ, the otic capsule, the bony labyrinth, and the membranous labyrinth.

30
Q

What is the fluid called in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear?

A

Perilymph (which is cerebrospinal fluid)

31
Q

Where is the membranous labyrinth located?

A

Within the bony labryinth of the inner ear.

32
Q

What is the fluid of the membranous labyrith called and what is it high in?

A

The fluid is called endolymph and it is high in potassium.

33
Q

What is the anatomy of the membranous labyrinth (3) and the function of each part?

A

Cochlear - auditory
Vestibule - static equilibrium (propioception) and the detection of acceleration
Semicircular Canals - Dynamic equilibrium (detects movement)

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

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