Upper Limb Musculature Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles?
A
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior
2
Q
Innervation of Pectoralis Major?
A
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Clavicular head (C5, C6)
Sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)
3
Q
Action of Pectoralis Major?
A
Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.
Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position.
4
Q
Innervation of Pectoralis Minor?
A
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
5
Q
Action of Pectoralis Minor?
A
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
6
Q
Innervation of Subclavius?
A
Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
7
Q
Action of Subclavius?
A
Anchors and depresses clavicle
8
Q
Innervation of Serratus anterior?
A
Long Thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
9
Q
Action of Serratus anterior?
A
Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula
10
Q
What are the posterior axio-appendicular muscles?
A
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
11
Q
What are the DEEP posterior axio-appendicular muscles?
A
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
12
Q
What are the SUPERFICIAL posterior axio-appendicular muscles?
A
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
13
Q
Innervation of Trapezius?
A
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers)
C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)
14
Q
Action of Trapezius?
A
Descending part elevates
Ascending part depresses
Middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula
Descending and Ascending together rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
15
Q
Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi?
A
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
16
Q
Action of Latissimus Dorsi?
A
Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing
17
Q
Innervation of Levator Scapulae?
A
Dorsal scapular (C4, C5) and cervical nerves (C3, C4)
18
Q
Action of Levator Scapulae?
A
Elevates scapula and roates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
19
Q
Innervation of Rhomboid major and minor?
A
Dorsal scapular (C4, C5)
20
Q
Action of Rhomboid major and minor?
A
Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
21
Q
What are the Scapulohumeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles?
A
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Subscapularis
22
Q
What are the Scapulohumeral (Intrinsic Shoulder) Muscles?
A
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Subscapularis
23
Q
Innervation of Deltoid?
A
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
24
Q
Action of Deltoid?
A
Clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (medial) part: abducts arm
Spinal (Posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
25
Innervation of Supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
26
Action of Supraspinatus?
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
27
Innervation of Infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
28
Action of Infraspinatus?
Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
29
Innervation of Teres minor?
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
30
Action of Teres minor?
Laterally rotates arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
31
Innervation of Teres major?
Lower of subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
32
Action of Teres major?
Adducts and medially rotates arm
33
Innervation of Subscapularis?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
34
Action of Subscapularis?
Medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
35
Action of all the rotator muscles TOGETHER?
Hold humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula
36
Proximal Attachment of Supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
37
Proximal Attachment of Infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
38
Proximal Attachment of Teres mino
Middle part of the lateral border of scapula
39
Proximal Attachment of Subscapularis
Subscapular fossa (Anterior surface of scapula)
40
Distal Attachment of Supraspinatus?
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
41
Distal Attachment of Infraspinatus
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
42
Distal Attachment of Teres minor
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
43
Distal Attachment of Subscapularis
Lesser tubercle of humerus
44
Acronym for Rotator Cuff Muscles attachment at humerus?
SSIT (Draw a hand label, starting at thumb)
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
45
What are the muscles of the arm?
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
46
Innervation of Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
47
Innervation of Coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
48
Innervation of Coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
49
Action of Coracobrachialis?
Helps flex and adduct arm
Resists dislocation of shoulder
50
Innervation of Brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) and some of lateral part by branch of radial nerve (C5, C7)
51
Action of Brachialis?
Flexes forearm in all positions
52
Innervation of Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
53
Action of Triceps Brachii?
Chief extensor of forearm
Long head resists dislocation of humerus
Especially important during adduction
54
Innervation of Anconeus?
Radial Nerve (C7, C8, T1)
55
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of forearm?
The Flexors!!!!
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
56
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of forearm?
The Flexors!!!!
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
57
What are the flexors in the superficial (1st) layer?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
58
What is the flexor in the intermediate (2nd) layer?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
59
What are the flexors in the deep (3rd) layer?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
60
What is the innervation of the Pronator Teres?
Median nerve (C6, C7)
61
What is the action of the Pronator Teres?
Pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)
62
What is the innervation of the Flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve (C7, C8)
63
What is the innervation of the Palmaris Longus?
Median nerve (C7, C8)
64
What is the innervation of the Palmaris Longus?
Median nerve (C7, C8)
65
What is the action of the Palmaris Longus?
Flexes hand (at wrist) and tense palmar aponeurosis
66
What is the innervation of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
67
What is the action of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)
68
Innervation of Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
69
Actions of Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints
70
Innervation of Flexor digitorum profundus?
Medial Part: Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Lateral part: Anterior Interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
71
Action of Flexor digitorum profundus?
MEDIAL part: Flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints
LATERAL part: Flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joints
72
Innervation of Flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior Interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
73
Action of Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
74
Innervation of Pronator quadratus?
Anterior Interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8, T1)
75
What are the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?
The Extensors!!!!
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Supinator
Extensor indicis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
76
What are in the SUPERFICIAL layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
77
What are in the SUPERFICIAL layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
78
What are in the OUTCROPPING muscles of deep layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
79
What are in the OUTCROPPING muscles of deep layer of the muscles of the posterior Compartment of the Forearm?
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
80
Innervation of Brachioradialis?
Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
81
Action of Brachioradialis?
Relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is in mid pronated position
82
Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial nerve ( C6, C7)
83
Innervation of of Extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
84
Innervation of of Extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
85
Innervation of Extensor digitorum?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
86
Innervation of Extensor digitorum?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
87
Action of Extensor digitorum?
Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints
88
Innervation of Extensor digiti minimi?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
89
Action of Extensor digiti minimi?
Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joing
90
Innervation of Extensor carpi ulnaris?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
91
Action of Extensor carpi ulnaris?
Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)
92
Innervation of Suppinator?
Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
93
Innervation of extensor indicis?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
94
Innervation of extensor indicis?
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
95
Action of extensor indicis?
extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist
96
Innervation of:
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
97
Action of Abductor pollicis longus?
Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
98
Action of Extensor pollicus longus?
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
99
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti
Lumbricals
Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th
Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd
100
What are the thenar muscles?
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
101
What are the Hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti
102
What are the short muscles?
Lumbricals
Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th
Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd
103
Innervation of:
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis (Superficial Head only)
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
104
Innervation of:
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis (Superficial Head only)
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
105
Action of Opponens pollicis?
To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially
106
Action of Abductor pollicis?
Abducts thumb; helps oppose it
107
Action of Flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexes thumb
108
Innervation of:
Flexor pollicis brevis (DEEP Head only)
Adductor pollicis
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
109
Innervation of Hypothenar muscles?
| Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
110
Innervation of Hypothenar muscles?
| Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
111
Action of Abductor digiti minimi?
Abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
112
Action of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
113
Action of Opponens digiti?
Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb
114
Innervation of Lumbricals (1st and 2nd)?
Median nerve (C8, T1)?
115
Action of Lumbricals?
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits
116
Innervation of 3rd and 4th Lumbricals, Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th, Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
117
Action of Dorsal Interossei, 1st-4th?
Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
118
Action of Palmar interossei, 1st-3rd
Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward axial line; assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits
