Muscles of Scalp and Face Flashcards
1
Q
Origin of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly
A
Epicranial aponeurosis
2
Q
Insertion of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly
A
Skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
3
Q
Action of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly
A
Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead; protracts scalp (indicating surprise or curiosity)
4
Q
Innervation of Occipitofrontalis - Front belly
A
Facial Nerve (CN VII), temporal branch of partoid pelxus
5
Q
Origin of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly
A
Lateral two thirds of superior nuchal line
6
Q
Insertion of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly
A
Epicranial aponeurosis
7
Q
Action of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly
A
Retracts scalp; increasing effectiveness of frontal belly
8
Q
Innervation of Occipitofrontalis - Occipital belly
A
Facial Nerve (CN VII), posterior auricular branch
9
Q
Origin of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)
A
Medial orbital margin; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone
10
Q
Insertion of of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)
A
Skin around margin of orbit; superior and inferior tarsal plates
11
Q
Action of of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)
A
Closes eyelids: palpebral part does so gently; orbital part tightly (winking)
12
Q
Innervation of Orbicularis Oculi (Orbital sphincter)
A
Facial Nerve (CN VII), temporal and zygomatic branch of parotid plexus
13
Q
Origin of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis
A
Fascia aponeurosis covering nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage
14
Q
Insertion of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis
A
Skin of inferior forehead, between eyebrows
15
Q
Actions of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis
A
Depresses medial end of eyebrow; wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose (conveying disdain or dislike)
16
Q
Innervation of Procerus plus transverse part of nasalis
A
Facial Nerve (CN VII). buccal branch parotid plexus
17
Q
Origin of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)
A
Medial maxilla and mandible; deep surface of peri-oral skin; angle of mouth (modiolus)
18
Q
Insertion of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)
A
Mucous membrane of lips
19
Q
Action of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)
A
Tonus closes oral fissure; phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distension (when blowing)
20
Q
Innervation of Orbicularis Oris (Oral Sphincter)
A
Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch parotid plexus
21
Q
Origin of Levator Labii Superioris
A
Infra-orbital margin (Maxilla)
22
Q
Insertion of Levator Labii Superioris
A
Skin of upper lip
23
Q
Action of of Levator Labii Superioris
A
Part of dilators of mouth; retract (elevate) and/or evert upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)
24
Q
Innervation of Levator Labii Superioris
A
Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus
25
Origin of Zygomaticus minor
Anterior aspect, zygomatic bone
26
Insertion of Zygomaticus minor
Skin of upper lip
27
Action of Zygomaticus minor
Part of dilators of mouth; retract (elevate) and/or evert upper lip; deepen nasolabial sulcus (showing sadness)
28
Innervation of zygomaticus minor
Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus
29
Origin of Buccinator
Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
30
Insertion of of Buccinator
Angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris
31
Action of Buccinator
Presses cheek against molar teeth; works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule; resists distension (when blowing)
32
Innervation of Buccinator
Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus
33
Origin of Zygomaticus Major
Lateral aspect of zygomatic bone
34
Insertion of of Zygomaticus Major
Angle of mouth (modiolus)
35
Action of Zygomaticus Major
Part of dilators of mouth; elevate labial commissure-bilaterally to smile (happiness); unilaterally to sneer (disdain)
36
Innervation of Zygomaticus Major
Facial Nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus
37
Origin of Levator anguli oris
Infra-orbital maxilla (canine fossa)
38
Insertion of Levator anguli oris
Angle of mouth (modiolus)
39
Action of Levator anguli oris
Part of dilators of mouth; widens oral fissure, as when grinning or grimacing
40
Innervation of Levator anguli oris
Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus
41
Origin of Risorius
Parotid fascia and buccal skin (highly vascularized)
42
Insertion of Risorius
Angle of mouth (modiolus)
43
Action of of Risorius
Part of dilators of mouth; depresses labial commisure bilaterally to frown (sadness)
44
Innervation of of Risorius
Facial nerve (CN VII), buccal branch of parotid plexus
45
Origin of Depressor anguli oris
Anterolateral base of mandible
46
Insertion of Depressor anguli oris
Angle of mouth (modiolus)
47
Action of Depressor anguli oris
Part of dilators of mouth; depresses labial commisure bilaterally to frown (sadness)
48
Innervation of Depressor anguli oris
Facial nerve (CN VII), marginal mandibular branch of parotid plexus
49
Origin of Depressor labii inferioris
Platysma and anterolateral body of mandible
50
Insertion of Depressor labii inferioris
Skin of lower lip
51
Action of Depressor labii inferioris
Part of dilators of mouth; retracts (depresses) and/or everts lower lip (pouting, sadness)
52
Innervation of Depressor labii inferioris
Facial nerve (CN VII), marginal mandibular branch of parotid plexus
53
Origin of Mentalis
Body of mandible (anterior to roots of inferior incisors)
54
Insertion of Mentalis
Skin of chin (mentolabial sulcus)
55
Action of Mentalis
Elevates and protrudes lower lip; elevates skin of chin (showing doubt)
56
Innervation of Mentalis
Facial nerve (CN VII), marginal mandibular branch of parotid plexus
57
Origin of Platysma
Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
58
Insertion of Platysma
Base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris
59
Action of Platysma
Depresses mandible (against resistance); tenses skin of inferior face and neck (conveying tension and stress)
60
Innervation of Platysma
Facial nerve (CN VII), cervical branches of parotid plexus
61
Origin of Levator palpebrae superioris
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, superior and anterior to optic canal
62
Insertion of Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsus and skin of superior eyelid
63
Innervation of Levator palpebrae superioris
Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Deep layer (superior tarsal muscle) is supplied by sympathetic fibers
64
Action of Levator palpebrae superioris
Elevates superior eyelid
65
Origin of Superior Oblique
Body of sphenoid bone
66
Insertion of Superior Oblique
Its tendon passes through a fibrous ring or trochlea, changes its direction, and inserts into sclera deep to superior rectus muslce
67
Innervation of Superior Oblique
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
68
Main Action of Superior Oblique
Abducts, depresses, and medially rotates eyeball
69
Origin of Inferior oblique
Anterior part of floor of orbit
70
Insertion of Inferior oblique
Sclera deep to lateral rectus muscle
71
Innervation of Inferior oblique
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
72
Action of Inferior oblique
Abducts, elevates, and laterally rotates eyeball
73
Origin of Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, medial rectus, and Lateral rectus
Common tendinous ring
74
Insertion of Superior rectus, Inferior rectus, medial rectus, and Lateral rectus
Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction
75
Innervation of Inferior rectus
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
76
Action of Superior Rectus
Elevates, adducts, and rotates eyeball medially
77
Innervation of Superior Rectus
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
78
Action of Inferior rectus
Depresses, adducts and rotates eyeball laterally
79
Innervation of Medial rectus
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
80
Action of Medial rectus
Adducts eyebell
81
Innervation of Lateral Rectus
Abducent nerve (CN VI)
82
Action of Lateral Rectus
Abducts eyeball
83
Superior Attachment of Platysma
Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face
84
Inferior Attachment of Platysma
Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
85
Platysma main action
Draws corner of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressionf of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clench
86
Superior attachment of Sternocleidomastoid
Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
87
Inferior attachment of Sternocleidomastoid
Sternal Head: Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum Clavicular Head: Superior surface of medial third of clavicle
88
Actions of Sternocleidomastoid
Unilateral Contraction: Tilts head to same side (i.e. Laterally flexes neck) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilateral Contraction: - Extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints - Flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium -Extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level
With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial ends of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration
89
Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid
Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI) for motor C2 and C3 nerves for pain and proprioception
90
Superior attachment of Trapezius
Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae, and lumbar and sacral spinous processes
91
Inferior Attachment of Trapezius
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
92
Innervation of Trapezius
Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI) for motor C2 and C3 nerves for pain and proprioception
93
Actions of Trapezius
Elevates, retracts and rotates scapulae superiorly -Descending (superior) fibers: elevate scapulae/shoulders, maintain level of shoulders against gravity -Transverse (Middle) fibers: retract scapulae -Ascending (Inferior) FIbers: depress scapulae -Descending and ascending fibers together: rotate spinous process of scapulae superiorly With shoulders fixed, bilateral contraction extends neck; unilateral contraction produces lateral flexion to same side
94
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis, masster, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
95
Proximal attachment of Temporalis
Triangular muscle with broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fossa
96
Innervation of temporalis
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via deep temporal branches
97
Action of Temporalis
Elevates mandible, closing jaws; posterior, more horizontal fibers are primary retractors of mandible
98
Innervation of Masseter
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve
99
Action of Masseter
Elevates mandible, closing jaws; superficial fibers make limited contribution to protrusion of mandible
100
Innervation of Lateral pterygoid
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via lateral pterygoid nerve
101
Action of Lateral pterygoid
Acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin Acting unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side; alternate unilatteral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements
102
Innervation of medial pterygoid
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via medial pterygoid nerve
103
Action of Medial pterygoid
acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrusion; alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
104
What are the Suprahyoid muscles? What are they're actions?
Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid They depress the mandible against resistance when infrahyoid muscles fix or depress hyoid bone
105
Innervation of Digastric Muslce
Facial and mandibular nerves
106
Innervation of Stylohyoid Muscle
Facial nerve
107
Innervation of Mylohyoid Muslce
Mandibular Nerve
108
Innervation of Geniohyoid muscle
Nerve to geniohyoid (C1-C2)
109
What are the Infrahyoid muscles? What are they're actions?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid They fix or depress the hyoid bone
110
Innervation of Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid?
Ansa cervicalis from cervical plexus (C1-C3)
111
Innervation of Thyrohyoid
C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
112
Innervation of Splenius capitis
Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves
113
Action of Splenius capitis
Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side Acting bilaterally extends head and neck
114
Innervation of Levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular nerve C5 and cervical spnal nerves C3 and C4
115
Action of Levator Scapulae
Downward rotation of scapula and tilts its gelnoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
116
Innervation of Cricothyroid muscle
External laryngeal nerve (From CN X)
117
Action of Cricothyroid muscle
Stretches and tenses vocal ligament
118
Innervation of Thyro-arytenoid, posterior crico-arytenoid, and lateral crioc-arytenoid muscles
Inferior laryngeal nerve (terminal part of recurrent laryngeal nerve, from CN X)
119
Action of Thyro-arytenoid muscle
Relaxes vocal ligament
120
Action of posterior crico-arytenoid muscle
abducts vocal folds
121
Action of lateral crioc-arytenoid muscle
Adducts vocal folds (interligamentous portion)
