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Clinical Anatomy > Upper Limb Joints & Ligaments > Flashcards

Upper Limb Joints & Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the upper limb?

A

The clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, and bones of the wrist & hand

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2
Q

How is the upper limb attached to the body?

A

Only directly attached by the clavicle to the sternum

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3
Q

What joints make up the pectoral girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, & Glenohumeral Joints

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4
Q

What type of joint is the SC joint?

A

Synovial joint with a meniscus

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5
Q

What ligaments are associated with the SC joint?

A

Sternoclavicular (SC), Costoclavicular, & Interclavicular ligaments

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6
Q

What do the SC ligaments (anterior & posterior) do?

A

Limit movement of the joint forward or backward

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7
Q

What does the costoclavicular ligament do?

A

It limits movement of the joint upward

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8
Q

What does the interclavicular ligament do?

A

It limits movement of the joint downward

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9
Q

Where is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint located?

A

Located between the acromium process of the scapula and the clavicle

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10
Q

What type of joint is the AC joint?

A

Synovial joint with a small meniscus

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11
Q

What ligaments are associated with the AC joint?

A

The acromioclavicular & coracoclavicular ligaments

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12
Q

The coracoclavicular ligament is actually made up of 2 separate ligaments, what are they?

A

Conoid & trapezoid ligaments

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13
Q

Why are the AC joint ligaments so important?

A

Important because the AC joint capsule is very weak & fragile and the ligaments help strengthen it

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14
Q

What is a “separated shoulder?”

A

Ruptured AC ligament causing the humerus and scapula to detach from the clavicle

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15
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial “Ball & Socket” joint with a capsule filled with synovial fluid

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16
Q

The GH joint has a fibrocartilage labrum. What is this?

A

A fibrocartilage “cup” or “rim” around the articular cartilage of the joint that helps form a more complete socket

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17
Q

What makes the GH joint unlike any other joint?

A

It has muscles not just ligaments that stabilize the joint and keep it in the socket

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18
Q

What muscles help stabilize the GH joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infrapspinatus, & teres minor)

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19
Q

What makes the GH joint prone to dislocation?

A

Most of the ligaments and muscles supporting it are located posteriorly so it often dislocates forward

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20
Q

What are the common problems associated with dislocation injuries of the GH joint?

A

Rotator cuff injuries (especially supraspinatus), torn labrum, damage to the axillary nerve

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21
Q

What ligaments are associated with the GH joint?

A

Capsular (GH) ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, and coracoacromial ligament

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22
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

It forms the coracoacromial roof/arch which prevents upward dislocation of the GH joint

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23
Q

What bursa are found in the GH joint?

A

The subdeltoid, subacromial, & subscapularis.

*Subdeltoid & Subacromial are fused into 1

24
Q

What joints is the “Elbow Joint” made up of?

A

The humeroradial, humeroulnar, and proximal radioulnar joints

25
Q

What ligaments are associated with the elbow joint?

A

The anular ligament, radial collateral ligament, & ulnar collateral ligament

26
Q

What does the anular ligament do?

A

It limits the rotation of the radius

27
Q

What does the radial collateral ligament do?

A

It prevents lateral movement medially

28
Q

What does the ulnar collateral ligament do?

A

It is made of 3 bands (anterior, posterior, & oblique) and prevents lateral movement laterally

29
Q

What is unique about the ulnar collateral ligament?

A

The anterior UCL band is often injured in baseball players and requires reconstructive surgery

30
Q

What is UCL reconstructive surgery also called and how is it done?

A

AKA “Tommy Johns” surgery, they remove the anterior band of the UCL and replace it with the palmaris longus tendon from the opposite arm

31
Q

What bursa is found in the elbow joint?

A

The subcutaneous olecranon bursa found on the posterior of the elbow

32
Q

Where is the distal radioulnar joint located?

A

At the wrist between the radius, ulnar, and wrist

33
Q

What ligaments are associated with the distal radioulnar joint?

A

The triangular ligament and dorsal & palmar radioulnar ligaments

34
Q

What is the triangular ligament?

A

It is a tough ligament embedded with cartilage that makes up the floor of the distal radioulnar joint and holds it together

35
Q

What is another name for the triangular ligament?

A

AKA the “articular disc” or the distal radioulnar joint

36
Q

What/where is the radiocarpal joint?

A

It is the wrist joint between the carpals, radius, and triangular ligament

37
Q

What allows the radiocarpal joint to be so flexible?

A

It has a small articular meniscus

38
Q

What ligaments are associated with the radiocarpal joint?

A

The radial collateral (lateral side), ulnar collateral (medial side), dorsal ulnocarpal, dorsal radiocarpal, palmar ulnocarpal, & palmar radiocarpal ligaments

39
Q

What is the difference between the palmar and dorsal ulnocarpal/radiocarpal ligaments?

A

The palmar ones are much shorter and tighter

40
Q

What are the intercarpal joints?

A

The joints between the wrist bones

41
Q

What ligaments are associated with the intercarpal joints?

A

The palmar & dorsal radiate ligaments and interosseous ligaments

42
Q

What are the interosseous ligaments?

A

The ligaments between the carpal bones

43
Q

Where/what are the carpometacarpal (CM) joints?

A

The joints between the carpals and metacarpals

44
Q

What ligaments are associated with the CM joints?

A

The palmar & dorsal CM ligaments

45
Q

What are the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints?

A

The joints of the fingers between the metacarpals and the phalangies

46
Q

What ligaments are associated with the MP joints?

A

The medial & lateral collateral ligaments, transverse ligaments, and palmar longitudinal ligaments

47
Q

What do the medial & lateral collateral ligaments of the MP joint do?

A

Prevent lateral (either medially or laterally) movement of the MP joint

48
Q

What do the transverse ligaments of the MP joint do?

A

They are found between the fingers and limit the fingers from spreading too far apart

49
Q

What do the palmar longitudinal ligaments of the MP joint do?

A

They limit the upward movement of the digits

50
Q

What are the interphalangeal (IP) joints?

A

The joints between the phalanges

51
Q

What ligaments are associated with the IP joints?

A

The medial & lateral collateral ligaments and the palmar ligaments

52
Q

How do you determine it the IP collateral ligaments are medial or lateral?

A

You use the middle finger as the mid-line. Medial is for abduction & lateral is for adduction

53
Q

What are the movements of ALL 5 digits?

A

Flexion & extension; Adduction & abduction

54
Q

What movement is unique to the pollex (thumb) and digiti minimi (pinky)?

A

Opposition (touching tip of thumb to tip of pinky)

55
Q

From what we’ve learned so far, what are the places that we have articular meniscus?

A

Sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, radiocarpal joint, TMJ, and the spine

Clinical Anatomy (17 decks)

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