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Medicine 1 COPY > Building Bodies 1 > Flashcards

Building Bodies 1 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Basic Tissue Types

A

Epithelium
Connective Tissue
Muscle
Nerve

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2
Q

Epithelia

A

Covering and lining membranes of the body and separated from surrounding tissue by basement membrane

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3
Q

3 Functions of epithelial

A 
Protecting underlying tissue from outside world
Protects/separates areas within body
Helps hold tissues together
Thermoregulation
Hormone Release (in glands)
Absorption
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4
Q

Mesothelium

A

Lining of body cavities - e.g. pleura/pericardium

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5
Q

Endothelium

A

Epithelial lining of blood vessels

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6
Q

Layer types of epithelium

A

Simple

Stratified

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7
Q

Shapes of Epithelium

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional

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8
Q

If the top of a tissue sample is squamous and bottom is cuboidal epithelium, how do we refer to the cell

A

Refer to the top; stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

Which type of epithelium is most protective and example of location

A

Stratified squamous; Oesophagus, skin, anal/vaginal canal

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10
Q

Which type of epithelium is best for diffusion and example of location

A

Simple squamous, Capillaries

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11
Q

Example location of Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Alveoli, Capillaries

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12
Q

Example location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Skin, Anal Canal, Oesophagus

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13
Q

Which type of epithelium is best for stretch and example of location

A

Transitional; Bladder (not stomach)

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14
Q

Which type of epithelium is best for secretion/absorption

A

Columnar because those cells can accommodate the many organelles needed for secretion/absorption; endocrine glands

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15
Q

Example location of Columnar Epithelium

A

Endocrine Gland

Small Intestine

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16
Q

Where can we expect to find simple cuboidal

A

Narrow tubes like ducts of glands that lead from secretory bits to surface; convoluted tubules of kidney

17
Q

Basement membrane and functions

A

Sheets of matrix at interface of epithelium and connective tissue;

Adhesion
Barrier/permeability control
Orientation/organisation of cells as they are below epithelia

18
Q

Composition of basement membrane

A

Mainly type IV collagen, glycoproteins and GAGs

19
Q

Pathologies of the Basement Membrane

A

Renal disease, cancer, epidermolysis bullosa

20
Q

Cytology of Glands

A

Fold the epithelium and make glands

21
Q

Compare simple acinar and tubular glands; discuss how folding can affect hormone production

A

The simplest form of a gland is simple acinar/tubular; then can become compound/branched which leads to far more hormonal production as shown in the diagram

22
Q

Are epithelial cancers common; what are they named

A

Carcinomas are the great majorities of cancers

23
Q

Exocrine gland

A

Glands that secrete their products onto epithelial surface directly/via duct for local action

24
Q

Types of Exocrine Glands

A

Merocrine - Contents exocytosed
Apocrine - Vesicle buds off
Holocrine - Cell dies to release

25
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that release their secretion directly into blood to act on different tissues
e.g. pituitary gland

26
Q

Which germ layer does connective tissue come from

A

Mesoderm

27
Q

What is the ratio of cells to products of cells in connective tissue

A

Cells 5% : Extracellular Matrix 95%

28
Q

What are the fibres in connective tissue

A

Collagen:

  • I and II which are like ropes
  • III which form branched mesh-like networks
  • IV which contribute to the basement membrane

Elastin: Provides elasticity

29
Q

Reticulin

A

Type III Collagen

30
Q

Describe collagen synthesis

A

Procollagen polypeptide chains are synthesised, released into lumen where they are modified and glycosylated

The procollagen molecules are cleaved by proteases; collagen molecules assemble into fibrils which form stable covalent crosslinks that overlap and cause banding of the protein

31
Q

Simple role of Collagen

A

Providing Tensile Strength

32
Q

Pathology of Collagen

A

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

33
Q

What protein is required for Elastin assembly and what syndrome involves defective genes for that protein

A

Fibrillin; Marfans syndrome

34
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Most common cell found in connective tissue that produce collagen and elastin

35
Q

Main glycoproteins

A

Fibrillin - Links to elastin

Fibronectin and Laminin - Components of basement membrane

36
Q

Distinguish between loose and dense connective tissue

A

Loose: Packing Material
Dense: Tough physical support (Dermis, Organ capsule, Ligaments)

37
Q

3 Examples of the range of connective tissue

A 
Loose connective tissue under skin
Fibrous connective tissue (tendons)
Adipose tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
38
Q

Glycoaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

Polysaccharide chains that attract water

Medicine 1 COPY (88 decks)

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