Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Form & Function > Capillary Permeability > Flashcards

Capillary Permeability Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

capillary wall is composed of a

A

single layer of endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are two reasons for the efficient exchange of gases/nutrients in capillaries?

A
  1. Blood velocity is very slow: “sluggish” gives adequate time for exchange across the capillary membrane
  2. Huge surface area: over 10 million capillaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capillary permeability:
fastest blood velocity?
slowest blood velocity?

A

fastest: aorta
slowest: capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Capillary permeability:

velocity is ______ proportional to the ______ ____

A

velocity is inversely proportional to cumulative area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

velocity of blood flow =

A

V = F/A

V=velocity
F=flow rate
A=cross-sectional area of vessels

*velocity is inversely proportional to the cumulative area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hydrostatic pressure:

A

the force per unit area exerted on the wall of a blood vessel by the blood moving through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

slower flow promotes _______ & _______

A

greater gas and nutrient exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

low pressure protects capillaries from ________

A

rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normal capillary BP is ______

A

low

*protects capillaries from rupture and promotes exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BP ______ as blood flow leaves the capillaries

A

lowers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hydrostatic pressure ____ as you move from the aorta to arteries then to arterioles, and so on…

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

at any time on ____% of circulating blood is in the capillaries

A

~5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what percent of blood is considered the most important portion of blood volume and where is it located?

A

~5% in capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does O2 enter from capillaries?

A

interstitial fluid (IF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where do CO2 and waste products enter from the tissues?

A

capillaries/bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

virtually all gases, nutrients, metabolites, and water are continuously exchanged via…

A

capillary exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is exchanged in “capillary exchange”?

A

gases
nutrients
metabolites
water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is between the external interstitial fluid and plasma inside the capillary?

A

endothelial cells
*single layer
*semipermeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T/F: capillaries have smooth muscle in their walls

A

FALSE

capillaries do NOT have smooth muscle in their walls

controlled by the large arterioles

*constricting their capillary sphincters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do capillaries help in temperature regulation?

A

cool down via heat loss: vasodilation (increases blood flow)

warm-up via prevent heat loss: vasoconstriction (decreases blood flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how do capillaries respond to hot weather?

A

HEAT LOSS

vasodilation (increased blood flow)

cools down body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do capillaries respond to cold weather?

A

PREVENT HEAT LOSS

vasoconstriction (decreased blood flow)

warms body up (bluish hands/feet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

if the precapillary sphincter is closed what happens?

A

precapillary sphincter closed =

blood flows only through the metarteriole and thoroughfare channel (center of the capillary)

not branching out to capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

if the precapillary sphincter is open what happens?

A

precapillary sphincter open =

blood flows through capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
study
26
how are exchangeable proteins moved across the capillary membrane?
vesicular transport
27
how are small water-soluble substances moved across the capillary membrane?
through intercellular clefts (bulk flow)
28
how are lipid-soluble substances moved across the capillary membrane?
diffusion through endothelial cells (semipermeable membrane) *concentration gradient O2, CO2
29
what are lipid-soluble substances of capillary permeability?
O2 CO2
30
three modes of transport for substances to pass through capillaries?
1. Diffusion - no energy required (O2, CO2) 2. Intercellular cleft (water-soluble) 3. Vesicular transport (large proteins)
31
What are some factors that affect the rate of diffusion in capillaries?
high temperatures (faster) low temperatures (slower) higher concentration gradient (faster) lower concentration gradient (slower) small solutes (faster) large solutes (slower) viscous solutions (slower)
32
What is the term for endocytosis to exocytosis in capillary permeability?
vesicular transcytosis
33
vesicular transport is the translocation of _____ macromolecules in vesicles
impermeable (like large solutes, proteins, antibodies) *requires energy ATP
34
what is "bulk flow "of capillary transport?
how smaller water-soluble solutes move across the capillary wall
35
what capillary types affect bulk flow? ranked
continuous capillaries: least flow fenestrated capillaries: more flow discontinuous capillaries: most flow
36
Starling Forces of capillary Bulk Flow
Filtration: bulk flow of solutes move from bloodstream to interstitial fluid Reabsorption: bulk flow of solutes from interstitial fluid to bloodstream
37
what forces impact Filtration (Starling Forces of capillaries)?
capillary hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmotic pressure *blood stream to interstitial fluid
38
what forces impact Reabsortion (Starling Forces of capillaries)?
capillary oncotic pressure "colloid osmotic pressure" interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure *bloodstream to interstitial fluid
39
Starling's Law equation in words
40
Starling's Law equation
NFP= net filtration pressure HPc= capillary hydrostatic pressure HPif= interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure OPc= capillary oncotic pressure OPif= interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
41
Capillary Ontotic Pressure aka Colloid osmotic pressure: osmotic pressure exerted primarily by _______
impermeable plasma proteins
42
capillary hydrostatic pressure is ...
the froce directed out of the capillary by fluid pushing against the capillary
43
hydrostatic pressure in capillaries moves fluid ____ of capillary
out
44
osmotic pressure in capillaries moves fluid ____ capillary
into
45
hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid moves fluid ____ capillaries
into
46
osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid moves fluid ____ of capillaries
out
47
Where are plasma fluids filtered out of a capillary? Whare are plasma fluids reabsorbed in a capillary?
filtered out: capillary's arteriolar end (~20L/day) reabsorbed: venous end (~17L/day)
48
the fluid that remains in the interstitial space becomes part of the interstitial fluid and is then removed by the _____
lymphatic system (~3L/day)
49
what goes through the three modes of transport of capillary exchange?
1. diffusion: lipid-soluble O2/CO2 2. Vesicular transport: large proteins insulin/IgA 3. Bulk Flow (convection): water-soluble, plasma/IF/electrolytes/ions/glucose/amino acids
50
trace of the capillary system from arteries to veins
arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins
51
what are anastomoses?
a point where two blood vessels merge can serve as a bypass connection between vessels *no capillary beds
52
the primary function of the lymphatic system
lymphatic system: move fluid/lymph directionally towards the heart (one way) return excess lymph fluid to heart and helps large molecules (hormones/lipids) enter the blood
53
lymphatic capillaries have relatively _______
low pressure
54
blood capillaries vs lymphatic capillaries
blood: high pressure narrow reddish lymphatic: low pressure wide colorless
55
potential causes of edema
1. increased capillary blood pressure 2. decreases plasma colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure 3. increased capillary permeability 4. obstruction/disruption of lymphatics (lymphedema)
56
edema: increased capillary blood pressure is due to...
increased plasma volume increased venous pressure arteriolar dilation
57
edema: decreased plasma colloid osmotic (oncotic) pressure is due to...
decrease plasma albumin/large plasma proteins
58
edema: increased capillary permeability is due to...
filtration of proteins into interstitial space increase in interstitial oncotic pressure *increased interstitial fluid exceeds the lymphatic systems compensatory return
59
lymphedema?
swelling of body parts (distal limbs) unable to return access fluids to the venous blood supply buildup of fluids in lymphatics and interstitial tissue
60
lymphostatic fibrosis?
process of built-up fluid in limbs hardens (permanent scarring)
61

Human Form & Function (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions