Cardiovascular System

Question 1

the human heart is roughly the size of a ___

Answer 1

fist

Question 2

the human heart weighs approx. _____ grams

Answer 2

~300 grams

Question 3

The human heart beats __-__ times/min

Answer 3

60-80 times/min

Question 4

the human heart pumps __-__ L throughout the body

Answer 4

5-6 L

Question 5

Pericardial Sac contains the…

Answer 5

heart & roots of greater vessels

Question 6

is the pericardial sac single-walled or double-walled?

Answer 6

Pericardial sac is a double-walled sac
2 layers: fibrous and serous layer

Question 7

what are the two layers of the parietal pericardium?

Answer 7

fibrous layer
serous layer

Question 8

what makes up the double-walled pericardial sac?

Answer 8

parietal pericardium (2 layers)
visceral pericardium

Question 9

what is the purple/green layer?

Answer 9

purple: serous layer of the parietal pericardium
green: fibrous layer of the parietal pericardium

Question 10

what is highlighted?

Answer 10

fibrous pericardium

Question 11

what is highlighted?

Answer 11

serous pericardium
visceral layer

Question 12

where are what is the pericardial space?

Answer 12

between the visceral pericardium and serous pericardium

Lubricates the heart (pericardial fluid)

Question 13

no answer, just study

Question 14

identify SVC

Answer 14

superior vena cava

Question 15

identify IVC

Answer 15

inferior vena cava

Question 16

identify LV

Answer 16

left ventricle

Question 17

identify bicuspid valve

Answer 17

Question 18

identify LA

Answer 18

left atrium

Question 19

identify coronary sinus

Answer 19

Question 20

identify RA

Answer 20

right atrium

Question 21

identify tricuspid valve

Answer 21

Question 22

identify RV

Answer 22

right ventricle

Question 23

identify pulmonary valve

Answer 23

Question 24

identify pulmonary arteries

Answer 24

Question 25

identify pulmonary veins

Answer 25

Question 26

identify aortic valve

Answer 26

Question 27

just study

Question 28

what is the cycle of coronary circulation?

Answer 28

Question 29

trace blood flow from SVC

Answer 29

Question 30

conduction system of heart

Answer 30

Question 31

chamber?

Answer 31

Question 32

valve?

Answer 32

Question 33

oxygenated/deoxygenated?

Answer 33

Question 34

vessel?

Answer 34

Question 35

chamber?

Answer 35

Question 36

ox/deox?

Answer 36

Question 37

valve?

Answer 37

Question 38

vessel?

Answer 38

Question 39

chamber?

Answer 39

Question 40

sequence of blood flow?

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

just study

Question 44

Answer 44

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

diastole

Answer 46

Question 47

systole

Answer 47

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Answer 50

Question 51

A patient with an insufficient aortic valve is scheduled for surgery. Identify the chamber of the heart that the regurgitating blood will most likely enter. A.Right ventricle during diastole B.Left ventricle during systole C.Right ventricle during systole D.Left ventricle during diastole

Answer 51

D.Left ventricle during diastole

Question 52

Angiography of the patient was ordered and the subsequent image demonstrated stenosis of the LAD. Into which vessel opening was the contrast most likely injected in order to have received this information? A. Coronary sinus B. Left circumflex artery C. Right obtuse artery D. Right coronary artery E. Left coronary artery

Answer 52

E. Left coronary artery

Question 53

Which line represents aortic pressure?

Answer 53

Question 54

Which line represents left atrial pressure?

Answer 54

Question 55

the left ventricular pressure?

Answer 55

Question 56

what letter indicates S1?

Answer 56

A

Question 57

how do you make the heart beat faster?

Answer 57

turn up the sympathetic and/or turn down the parasympathetic

Question 58

systolic murmurs

Answer 58

Occur during ventricular contraction

Question 59

diastolic murmurs

Answer 59

Occur during atrial contraction (ventricular relaxation and filling)

Question 60

murmurs have two categories

Answer 60

systolic (vent. contraction) diastolic (vent. relaxation/atrial contraction)

Question 61

common causes of murmurs are

Answer 61

stenosis: Failure of a valve to open completely, which impedes forward flow by forcing blood through a smaller opening and the flow becomes turbulent insufficiency (regurgitation/incompetence): Failure of a valve to close completely allowing reversed flow; murmur occurs when the valve should be closed

Question 62

A serious heart murmur results when the aortic valve becomes calcified and therefore stenotic. What type of murmur would this most likely fall into? Why?

Answer 62

Question 63

A congenital heart defect causes a malformation in one of the mitral valve leaflets resulting in an insufficient valve. Identify the murmur most likely associated with this type of anomaly. a) Diastolic murmur with regurgitation b) Diastolic murmur with stenosis c) Systolic murmur with regurgitation d) Systolic murmur with stenosis

Answer 63

c) Systolic murmur with regurgitation

Question 64

Answer 64

Impaired ventricular filling during diastole when the accumulation of excessive pericardial fluid within the finite potential pericardial space reaches a critical volume, ventricular filling during diastole is often impaired

Question 65

don't know answer

Answer 65

LAD (left anterior descending)

Question 66

Answer 66

Question 67

Answer 67

Question 68

just study

Question 69

Answer 69

Question 70

Answer 70

Question 71

just study

Question 72

Aortic coarctation is defined as a congenital narrowing of the aortic arch lumen that causes a variable degree of obstruction to normal blood flow. Hypertrophy of which of the following heart chambers would most likely occur in a patient with aortic coarctation? A. Left atrium B. Left ventricle C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle

Answer 72

left ventricle LV hypertrophies in response to the high systemic vascular resistance resulting from the coarctation

Question 73

ventricleA patient presents to the ED after having been stabbed. The penetrating wound is adjacent to the sternum in the left 4th intercostal space. Identify the structure most likely injured due to this wound. A. Left atrium B. Left ventricle C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle

Answer 73

Right Ventricle

Question 74

sympathetic NS uses ____ (neurotransmitter) at the ____ ________ receptor

Answer 74

norepinephrine (NE) B-1 adrenergic receptors (T1-T5)

Question 75

parasympathetic NS uses ____ (neurotransmitter) at the ____ ________ receptor

Answer 75

Acetylcholine (ACh) M2 cholinergic receptors (vagus, medulla)