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Human Form & Function > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

lining of digestive system

A

parietal peritoneum
mesentery
visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

what connects the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum?

A

mesentery

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4
Q

the greater/lesser omentum defines what two spaces on the abdomen?

A

greater sac
lesser sac (omental bursa)

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5
Q

greater omentum and lesser omentum are components of the ______

A

mesentery

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6
Q

greater omentum of the ______ border of the stomach to the transverse colon

A

inferior

*drapes over the rest of the GI tract

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7
Q

label:
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mesentery (greater/lesser omentum)

A
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8
Q

all the components of the peritoneal cavity

A

parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
mesentery (greater/lesser omentum)

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9
Q

mesentery formation sets up three classes of organs:

A
  1. intraperitoneal - covered in the peritoneum, associated with mesentery
  2. secondary retroperitoneal - originates within but merges back behind peritoneum (parts of the gut tube)
  3. primary retroperitoneal - develops and stays behind (retro) the peritoneum (kidney)
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10
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A
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11
Q

peritoneal organs are …

A

covered in peritoneum and has mesentery attached to it

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12
Q

what are the peritoneal organs?

A

stomach
small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
spleen
liver
gallbladder
appendix
some large intestine (transverse, sigmoid)

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13
Q

is the duodenum a peritoneal organ?

A

YES
only the first part is peritoneal

the rest is secondary retroperitoneal

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14
Q

what are the primary retroperitoneal organs?

A

kidneys
supra renal (adrenal) glands

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15
Q

retro means…

A

behind

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16
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs never enter the cavity during development, they stay ______ the peritoneal cavity

A

behind (retro)

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17
Q

what are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

duodenum (descending, horizontal, some ascending)
pancreas
colon (ascending and descending)
rectum

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18
Q

function of the stomach

A

primarily digestion (proteases)

some absorption

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19
Q

sections of the stomach

A
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20
Q
A

duodenum

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21
Q

there are four sections of the duodenum. what sections are secondary retroperitoneal?

A

section 2-4

section 1 is peritoneal (has mesentery)

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22
Q

where does the gall bladder enter the digestive system?

A

duodenum

major duodenal pailla only

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23
Q

where does the pancreas enter the digestive system?

A

duodenum

major and minor duodenal papilla

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24
Q

gallbladder

A

storage and concentration of bile (lipid digestion)

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25
pancreas
bicarbonate (acid neutralization) enzymes (digestion)
26
liver
breakdown of food (production of bile, hormones, enzymes, etc) filtering of blood (absorbs nutrients from the gut tube)
27
pancreas has two function classes:
endocrine: released directly into the bloodstream (reg. blood sugar - insulin) exocrine: released through ducts into body surfaces (digestion and acid neutralization - enzymes/bicarbonate)
28
what three structures travel together through the hepatoduodenal ligament?
bile duct portal vein proper hepatic artery
29
top: minor duodenal papilla bottom: major duodenal papilla (ampulla of Vater)
30
small intestine is composed of...
duodenum jejunum ileum
31
where does most of the food digestion occur?
small intestine
32
33
what part of the small intestine has more gastric folds?
jejunum
34
what does an increase in gastric folds do?
increase surface area = more absorption
35
why do we have less internal surface as we pass along the gut tube?
less absorption needs to occur as we progress through the gut tube
36
large intestine is composed of...
cecum appendix ascending colon right flexure transverse colon left flexure descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
37
what is primarily absorbed in the large intestine?
water!!!
38
ileocecal orifice
entry from ileum to colon (large intestine)
39
tenia coli
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the large intestine
40
haustra
bulges caused by tenia coli of the large intestine
41
semilunar folds
depressions/internal ridges found between haustra
42
epiploic appendices
fat-filled peritoneal pouches of the large intestine
43
kidneys _____ blood kidneys produce ____
filters blood produce urine
44
adrenal glands: ____ response ___ hormones ____-olism _____ system
Stress response Sex hormones Metabolism Immune system
45
the spleen _____ blood cells and has _____ functions
the spleen removes blood cells and has immune functions
46
just study
47
what portions are foregut, midgut, and hindgut?
48
foregut contains the...
end of the esophagus to the 2nd part of the duodenum
49
midgut contains the
last two parts of the duodenum to the initial 2/3 of the transverse colon
50
hindgut contains the...
last 1/3 of transverse colon to rectum
51
vascular supply of foregut, midgut, hindgut
foregut: celiac trunk midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA) hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
52
celiac trunk supplies the ___-gut
foregut
53
superior mesenteric artery supplies the ___-gut
midgut
54
inferior mesenteric artery supplies the ___-gut
hindgut
55
sympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, hindgut
foregut: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) midgut: lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11) hindgut: least splanchnic nerve (T12)
56
parasympathetic innervation of foregut, midgut, hindgut
foregut: vagus nerve midgut: vagus nerge hindgut: S2-S4
57
what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the foregut?
symp: greater splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) para: vagus nerve
58
what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the mid?
symp: lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-T11) para: vagus nerve
59
what is the sympathetic & parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut?
symp: least splanchnic nerve (T5-T9) para: S2-S4
60
blood supply and innervation of foregut
celiac trunk (blood supply) greater splanchnic nerve (symp) vagus nerve (para)
61
blood supply and innervation of midgut
superior mesenteric artery (blood supply) lesser splanchnic nerve (symp) vagus nerve (para)
63
blood supply and innervation of hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery (blood supply) least splanchnic nerve (symp) S2-S4 (para)
64
study
65
celiac trunk branches off into... (3)
common hepatic artery left gastric artery splenic artery
66
the splenic artery branches off into... (3) *splenic branches from celiac trunk
splenic artery: - short gastric artery - left gastroomental artery - pancreatic branch
67
the common hepatic artery branches off into ... (3)
common hepatic artery: - right gastric artery - gastroduodenal artery - hepatic artery proper *common hepatic branches from the celiac trunk
68
the gastroduodenal artery branches into ... (3)
gastroduodenal artery: - right gastroomental artery - superior pancreatico-duodenal artery - duodenal branches celiac trunk --> common hepatic --> gastroduodenal
69
superior mesenteric artery major branches:
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery jejuna and ileal arteries ileocolic artery right colic artery middle colic artery
70
inferior mesenteric artery major branches:
left colic artery sigmoid arteries superior rectal artery
71
all blood from the gut tube drains into the liver via the
PORTAL SYSTEM
72
inferior mesenteric vein drains into the ...
splenic vein and then to the portal vein
73
the superior mesenteric vein merges with the ____ to form the portal vein
splenic vein
74
what are the four major veins that drain the gut tube?
1. inferior mesenteric vein 2. superior mesenteric vein 3. splenic vein 4. portal vein -IMV drains into splenic v. - splenic v + SMV = portal vein

Human Form & Function (48 decks)

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