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Human Form & Function > Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord/Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

vertebrae section/#s

A

7: Cervical C1-C7
12: Thoracic T1-T12
5: Lumbar L1-L5

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2
Q

common features of all vertebrae

A
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3
Q

cervical vertebrae

A
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4
Q

cervical vertebrae - atlas

A
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5
Q

cervical vertebrae - atlas (medial view)

A
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6
Q

cervical vertebrae - axis

A
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7
Q

cervical vertebrae - axis (medial view)

A
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8
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A
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9
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A
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10
Q

intervertebral disk

A
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11
Q

vertebrae comparison

A

cervical:
—- transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
thoracic:
—- transverse costal facet (rib articulation)
—- prominent spinous process (muscle attachment)
lumbar:
—- big vertebral body (strength/support)
—- prominent spinous process (muscle attachment)

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12
Q

why do we have process features on the vertebrae?

A

process: muscle/tendon/ligament attachments

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13
Q

what articulates at the transverse costal facet on thoracic vertebrae?

A

ribs (costal)

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14
Q

inferior vertebral notch (L2) and superior vertebral notch (L3) creates _____ ?

A

intervertebral foramen (neural)

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15
Q

less movement in the lumbar region because the superior articular process is bigger or smaller?

A

bigger

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16
Q

what are the components of the intervertebral disk?

A

nucleus pulposus
anulus fibrosus

*fibrocartilage

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17
Q

what are the three layers of body wall muscles?

A

external (superficial)
internal
innermost (deep)

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18
Q

T/F: innermost costal muscles do not wrap all the way around

A

true

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19
Q

how do abdominal body wall muscles articulate on the anterior (front) side

A

rectus sheath and the linea alba

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20
Q

abdominal body wall muscle names (4)

A

transverse abdominis (deep)
internal oblique
external oblique (superficial)
rectus abdominis

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21
Q

spinal nerve distribution

A
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22
Q

how many nerves innervate the cervical region?

A

8

C1-C7 nerves exit ABOVE corresponding vertebrae
C8 exits BELOW C7

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23
Q

does T2 spinal nerve exit above or below T2 vertebrae?

A

BELOW

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24
Q

does C3 spinal nerve exit above or below C3 vertebrae?

A

ABOVE

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25
conus medullaris location and movement
most distal spinal cord conus medullaris presents in different locations as we age/grow lower for newborns (L2) higher for adults (T12-L1)
26
conus medullaris
base of spinal cord (last bulk/concentration of spinal cord)
27
growth of the spinal cord
the spinal cord doesn't really grow with age but rather slides up through the vertebral foramen
28
epidural targets the spinal cord at...
below of spinal cord (cauda equina "horse tail") around L3/L4 *reduce the risk of piercing the spinal cord
29
spinal cord cross section components
white matter lateral horn posterior horn central horn anterior horn
30
white matter of the spinal cord
fast signal transmission myelinated
31
gray matter of the spinal cord
cell bodies and axon terminals located here to synapse *Communication
32
neurons that enter spinal cord
afferent
33
neurons that exit spinal cord
efferent
34
gray matter components
posterior horn lateral horn anterior horn afferent nuclei efferent nuclei
35
posterior horn
sensory
36
lateral horn
visceromotor
37
anterior horn
motor
38
myelination (CNS)
CNS - one oligodendrocyte myelinates one internode on multiple axons
39
myelination (PNS)
Peripheral Nervous System - one Schwann cell myelinates one internode on a single axon
40
Myelination electrically insulates ______
Myelination electrically insulates axons, thereby increasing impulse conduction speed
41
Myelinated neurons have a ___ appearance
white (bc of Schwann cells) *white matter
42
White matter
- No synaptic activity present – used for fast transmission of signal
43
where do we find white matter in spinal cord?
external
44
where is gray matter located within the spinal cord?
internal surface *communication - synapse
45
what occurs in grey matter?
communication Synapse
46
why does the thoracic area have less gray matter?
more communication from the rest of the body NOT SURE CHECK
47
sensory neuron
cell body is near CNS but not in the spinal cord
48
motor neuron
cell body innervates in the spinal cord
49
afferent/sensory neurons enter the spinal cord through the ___
posterior root
50
afferent/sensory neuron's cell body is in the
posterior root ganglion
51
efferent/motor neurons always exit through the ___
ventral/anterior root
52
afferent neurons ____ the spinal cord efferent neurons ____ the spinal cord
afferent - enter efferent - exit
53
interneuron - synaptic transmission
reside in the spinal cord NOT myelinated
54
what spinal neurons are myelinated?
efferent (motor) & afferent (sensory) *interneuron (synaptic transmission) are NOT myelinated
55
spinal nerve anatomy
dorsal root (orange) - sensory/afferent ventral root (red) - motor/efferent trunk (green) - both eff/aff dorsal ramus (pink) - back innervation ventral ramus (blue) - limb/anterior body wall innervation
56
dorsal ramus
back innervation contains both efferent and afferent neurons
57
ventral ramus
anterior body wall and limb innervation contains both efferent and afferent neurons
58
2 rami
dorsal ramus ventral ramus
59
spinal nerve trunk
very short contains both efferent and afferent neurons
60
dorsal root
afferent neurons (sensory)
61
ventral root
efferent neurons (motor)
62
you burn your back: nerve trace
dorsal ramus senses pain trunk dorsal root spinal cord
63
example of the spinal cord and neurons
64
label: gray matter (anterior/posterior horn) white matter dorsal root dorsal root ganglion anterior root trunk dorsal ramus ventral ramus posterior rootlets anterior rootlets
65
pia mater
66
arachnoid mater
67
dura mater
68
epidural space
69
orient
dorsal (spinous process) ventral (vertebral body)
70
dermatome
71
simple spinal reflex
72
SAME DAVE
Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent
73
White vs grey matter
Grey matter processes info (communication) White matter transmits it to different areas of NS
74
No question
75
Cauda equina
Horse tail Below conus medullaris
76
Filum terminale
Pia mater that continues interior to the corpus medullaris and cauda equina
77
How many ribs (section/#)
12 ribs True ribs: 7 False ribs: 3 Floating ribs: 2
78
What vertebrae do ribs articulate with?
Thoracic vertebrae
79
Sternum parts
Manubrium Sternum angle Sternum body Xiphoid process

Human Form & Function (48 decks)

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