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Human Form & Function > Histology Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Histology Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

function of Stratified squamous (low) non-keratinized epithelium

A

protects against abrasion and mechanical stress

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2
Q

locations of stratified squamous (low) non-keratinized epithelium

A

esophagus
mouth
vagina

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3
Q

function of stratified squamous (low) keratinized epithelium

A

protects against the external environment

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4
Q

location of stratified squamous (low) keratinized epithelium

A

epidermis

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5
Q

function of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

produce secretory products in ducts and glands

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6
Q

locations of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

ducts
kidney tubules
liver

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7
Q

function of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

lines ducts and glands throughout the body to carry exocrine products

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8
Q

locations of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

sweat glands
salivary glands
mammary glands

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9
Q

function of simple columnar epithelium

A

absorbs and secretes mucus and enzymes

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10
Q

location of simple columnar epithelium

A

non-ciliated: digestive tract (goblet cells)
ciliated: bronchi/uterine tubes

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11
Q

function of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus; cilia moves mucus upwards out of airways

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12
Q

location of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Upper respiratory tract, epididymis, ductus deferens

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13
Q

key identification of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

goblet cells (secrete mucus into the lumen, which traps inhaled particles)

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14
Q

function of urothelium

A

allows the urinary organs to expand and stretch

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15
Q

location of urothelium

A

lining of bladder, urethra, ureters

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16
Q

what key cell resides in urothelium?

A

umbrella cells (large multinucleated)

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17
Q

function of loose connective tissue

A

Provides cushioning and support
The most abundant type of connective tissue

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18
Q

location of loose connective tissue

A

under epithelia
forms stroma
fills spaces between tissues and organs
sheaths lymphatics and blood vessels

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19
Q

elastic fibers stain _____ and ______
collagen fibers stain ____ and not as _____

A

elastic fibers stain thin and dark
collagen fibers stain thick and not as dark

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20
Q

function of dense regular connective tissue

A

resist stretching and tearing

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21
Q

location of dense regular connective tissue

A

tendons
ligaments

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22
Q

dense regular connective tissue is mostly made of ________

A

Collagen I

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23
Q

function of dense irregular connective tissue

A

resistant to stretching
provides protection and support

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24
Q

location of dense irregular connective tissue

A

deeper dermis
organ capsules
submucosa of intestines

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25
function of fibroblasts
secrete ground substance and fibers aid in regeneration/repair *dysfunction leads to fibrosis
26
fibroblasts
27
fibroblasts
28
29
function of adipocytes
store energy insulate make hormones
30
adipose tissue
31
function of mast cells
store and release substances to mediate the inflammatory response *histamine, heparin, leukotrienes
32
mast cells
33
mast cell
34
function of macrophages
phagocytosis secrete cytokines present antigens to T lymphocytes wound repair
35
macrophages
36
function of hyaline cartilage
give support to airways provides gliding surfaces for joints
37
locations of hyaline cartilage
large airways articular surfaces of bones
38
what tissue is seen here?
hyaline cartilage
39
tissue?
hyaline cartilage
40
chondrocytes
resident cells of cartilage in hyaline cartilage produce type II collagen
41
isogenous group
nest of chondrocytes
42
septum
thin band of matrix that separates chondrocytes within the same isogenous group
43
territorial matrix
dark stained surround chondrocytes and isogenous group
44
interterritorial matrix
light stain present between groups of cells
45
lucana
cavities within the matrix that house chondrocytes
46
tissue?
elastic cartilage (earlobe)
47
tissue?
elastic cartilage (epiglottis)
48
tissue?
fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis)
49
tissue?
fibrocartilage (intervertebral disc)
50
what cartilages have a perichondrium?
hyaline and elastic *NOT fibro
51
perichondrium
52
perichondrium
53
what is perichondrium made of?
dense connective tissue
54
trabecular/spongy bone
55
trabecular/spongy bone
56
cortical/compact bone
57
corical/compact bone
58
59
60
61
osteocytes are the __________
main resident cells of bone
62
what do osteocytes do?
maintain bone matrix and surrounded by osteoid on all sides
63
osteon, haversian canal, endosteum, interstitial lamellae (identify on photo)
64
Haversian canal vs Volkmann's canal
Haversian canal: Canals that run through compact bone parallel to the long axis. Contains blood vessels that support the surrounding osteocytes and bone matrix. Volkmann’s canal: Canals that run through compact bone perpendicular to the long axis. Connect Haversian canals together
65
intramembranous ossification
osteoblasts deposit bone matrix directly *without cartilage model increases width
66
what ossification increases width? length?
width: intramembranous length: endochondral
67
endochondral ossification
cartilage models of bones are first laid down by chondroblasts osteoblasts replace the cartilage with bone matrix increase length
68
zones of endochondral ossification
resting cartilage proliferation maturation of hypertrophy calcification/cell death ossification
69
Zone of resting cartilage: Zone of proliferation: Zone of maturation of hypertrophy: Zone of calcification and cell death: Zone of ossification:
Zone of resting cartilage: Chondrocytes in this zone serve as a reservoir of cells Zone of proliferation: Chondrocytes are actively dividing which creates columns of cells Zone of maturation of hypertrophy: Chondrocytes stop dividing and begin to swell Zone of calcification and cell death: The matrix begins to calcify and the chondrocytes die Zone of ossification: Osteoblasts invade and begin creating woven bone on the calcified matrix
70
zones?
71
skeletal muscle (longitudinal section)
72
skeletal muscle (transverse section)
73
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium of skeletal muscle
74
cardiac muscle (intercalated discs)
75
cardiac muscle (transverse section)
76
smooth muscle (artery)
77
nervous tissue (spinal cord)
78
nervous tissue (cerebellum)
79
nervous tissue (spinal cord)
80
nervous tissue (cerebellum)
81
neuron
82
nervous tissue (cerebral cortex)
83
nervous tissue (cerebral cortex)
84
nervous tissue
85
nervous tissue
86
glial cells
87
glial cells
88
pia mater
89
arachnoid mater
90
choroid plexus
91
schwann cells
92
peripheral nerve (transverse)
93
Endoneurium, Perineurium, Epineurium
94
entric ganglia
95
entric ganglia
96
smooth muscle
97
dense irregular connective tissue
98
peripheral nerve
99
function of RBC (erythrocyte)
transport O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissue
100
erythrocytes
101
PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil
102
function of PMNs
endocytoses bacteria and damaged tissue travels from the blood to sites of inflammation
103
PMN neutrophil
104
eosinophils
105
function of eosinophils
inflammation/disease asthma Major basic protein kills parasitic larva
106
eosinophil
107
basophil
108
function of basophil
release granules that contain histamine and heparin mediates inflammation
109
basophil
110
basophil
111
function of lymphocyte
B and T cells are components of the immune system B cells are precursors to plasma cells
112
lymphocyte
113
lymphocyte
114
lymphocyte
115
function of monocyte
immediate precursor of macrophages key component of the immune system
116
monocyte
117
monocyte
118
monocyte
119
function of platelet (thrombocyte)
aggregates to form clots along the walls of damaged blood vessels
120
platelets
121
122
mitotic erythrocyte lineage
proerythroblast basophilic erythroblast polychormatophilic erythroblast
123
non-mitotic erythrocyte lineage
orthochromatophilic erythroblast reticulocyte RBC
124
proerythroblast
125
basophilic erythroblast
126
polychromatophilic erythroblast
127
orthochromatophilic erythroblast
128
129
myeloblast
130
promyelocyte
131
132
133
134
megakaryocyte
135
megakaryocyte
136
function of megakaryocyte
produces in response to thrombopoeitin
137
plasma cell
138
function of plasma cells
produces antibodies
139
plasma cell
140
mitotic granulocyte cells
myeloblast promyelocyte myelocyte
141
non-mitotic granulocyte cells
metamyelocyte band form mature form
142
what type of myelocytes are there?
neutrophilic eosinophilic basophilic
143
left shift refers to
presence of band form neutrophils in response to infection
144
difference between plasma cells and orthochomatophilic erythroblast?
orthochromatophilic erythroblast - pale grey/pink cytoplasm plasma cell: - dark blue cytoplasm - white spot (golgi) *both have eccentric nuclei
145
what is a common feature of plasma cells and orthochomatophilic erythroblasts?
eccentric nucleus
146
what cells are found in blood?
lymphocyte monocyte PMN eosinophil basophil
147
differentiate the stains of PMNs, eosinophils, basophils
PMN: Neutral eosinophil: pink-red basophil: blue
148
what is found in bone marrow?
erythroblast lineage granulocyte lineage myeloblast proerythroblast megakaryocyte monocyte lymphocyte
149
what cell produces components of the EC matrix
A ???? cell
150
what is B?
loose connective tissue
151
what is the function of this epithelium?
protection from inhalants and pathogens
152
what is #2?
adherens junction
153
what epithelial is this?
simple low
154
155
name the epithelium
urothelium transitional
156
what protein is associated with #3?
demolgein desmoplakin plakoglobin
157
what tissue is this?
dense regular connective tissue *tendon
158
arrows are pointing to what structure?
basement membrane basal lamina
159
name the junctions most likely disrupted in this disorder
hemidesmosomes
160
elastic cartilage
161
#1?
osteon
162
what is the predominant fiber?
Collagen I
163
hyaline cartilage
164
cell indicated by arrows?
osteoclasts
165
B?
zone of resting cartilage
166
asterisk?
smooth muscle
167
A?
perineurium
168
cardiac muscle
169
nervous tissue
170
what letter is involved in peristalsis (gut contractions)
B
171
endomysium
172
D?
zone of hypertrophy (maturation)
173
color of granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic
neutrophilic: grey/pink/pale blue eosinophilic: red/orange
174
plasma cells are only found in the ____ and ___
bone marrow and tissue
175
tissue?
urothelium
176
tissue?
stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
177
1: tissue? 2: tissue?
1: simple columnar epithelium 2: dense irregular ct
178
cells?
mast cell
179
cells function?
fibroblast secrete ground substance and fibers
180
tissue?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
181
tissue?
adipose tissue
182
tissue?
simple cuboidal epithelium
183
tissue?
simple columnar epithelium
184
1: tissue? 2: cell?
1: dense regular connective tissue 2: fibroblast
185
cell?
adipocyte
186
tissue?
stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
187
1: 2 major proteins? 2: fiber? 3: tissue?
1: fibrillin and elastin 2: collagen 3: loose connective tissue
188
1: tissue? 2: tissue?
1: loose ct 2: simple low epithelium
189
1: tissue? 2: tissue?
1: stratified squamous keratinized epithelium 2: dense irregular ct
190
tissue?
dense irregular ct

Human Form & Function (48 decks)

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