Brain Flashcards
1
Q
divisions of the brain
A
cerebrum
diencephalon
pituitary gland
brainstem
cerebellum
2
Q
cerebrum associated with ____ and _____
A
thought and consciousness
3
Q
perception, communication, understanding, and memory are processed in the
A
cerebrum
4
Q
cerebrum hemispheres are divided by the
A
longitudinal cerebral fissure
5
Q
hills =
valleys =
A
hills = gyrus
valleys = sulcus
6
Q
cerebrum lobes (4)
A
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
7
Q
frontal lobe has the ___ ____ cortex
A
primary motor cortex
*precentral gyrus
8
Q
parietal lobe has the ___ ___ cortex
A
primary sensor cortex
*post-central gyrus
9
Q
frontal lobe = ___ ___ cortex
parietal lobe = ___ ___ cortex
A
frontal lobe = primary motor cortex
parietal lobe = primary sensory cortex
10
Q
central sulcus is between the …
A
frontal and parietal lobe
11
Q
the occipital lobe has the ____ _____ cortex
A
primary visual cortex
12
Q
temporal lobe processes: (3)
A
auditory input
language
memories
13
Q
lateral sulcus is where?
A
14
Q
diencephalon contains the (3)
A
thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
15
Q
what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
A
infundibulum
16
Q
what comes of the hypothalamus?
A
pituitary gland
17
Q
brainstem contains (3)
A
midbrain
pons
medulla
18
Q
what CNs come from pons?
A
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
19
Q
what CNs come from the midbrain?
A
CN III, IV
20
Q
what CNs come from the medulla?
A
CN IX, X, XI, XII
21
Q
cerebellum is in the
A
posterior cranial fossa
22
Q
what does the cerebellum do?
A
coordinate skeletal muscle contractions
23
Q
corpus callosum is the largest _____
A
commissure
24
Q
brain is supplies by what two major arteries?
A
internal carotid artery
vertebrobasilar artery
25
where does the internal carotid artery supply blood to?
brian- anterior
26
where does the vertebrobasilar artery supply blood to?
brain- posterior
27
what are the branches of the internal carotid artery?
ophthalmic artery
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
anterior communicating artery
middle cerebral artery
28
what are the two main branches off the vertebrobasilar artery?
vertebral arteries
basilar artery
29
what are the vertebral artery branches?
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
anterior spinal artery
30
what are the branches of the basilar artery?
inferior cerebellar artery
superior cerebellar artery
posterior cerebellar artery
31
what is the circle of Willis?
collateral circulation between the 2 internal carotid arteries and vertebrobasilar arteries
32
33
regions of the brainstem
mesencephalon (midbrain)
pons
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
34
35
A: mesencephalon
B: pons
C: medulla obolngata
D: cerebellum
E: cerebrum
36
37
(controls what?)
frontal =
parietal =
occipital =
temporal =
frontal = motor, cognitive centers
parietal = sensory
occipital = vision
temporal = emotion, auditory, learning
38
the frontal lobe contains what important feature?
precentral gyrus (motor cortex)
39
parietal lobe contains what important feature?
postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex)
40
occipital lobe contains what important features?
visual cortex
41
(cortex?)
frontal lobe =
parietal lobe =
occipital lobe =
temporal lobe =
frontal lobe = motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
parietal lobe = somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
occipital lobe = visual cortex
temporal lobe = auditory*
42
43
ventricles of the brain contain...
CSF production
44
where does the internal carotid artery enter the brain?
carotid canal
runs up the side of the sphenoid bone and provides major branches to middle cerebral artery
45
branches of the internal carotid artery (in brain)
middle cerebral artery
anterior choroid artery
46
branches of the vertebral artery (in brain)
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
anterior spinal artery
basilar artery
47
where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?
foramen MAGNUM
48
where does the internal carotid artery enter?
where does the vertebral artery enter?
ICA: carotid canal
Vert: foramen magnum
49
branches of the basilar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)
labyrinthine artery
pontine artery
superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
50
what does the pontine artery supply?
pons
51
where does the labyrinthine artery travel to?
travels to the internal acoustic meatus
with CN VII, VIII
52
circle of willis
53
arteries of circle of willis
posterior communicating artery
anterior cerebral artery
anterior communicating atery
54
anterior spinal artery branches from the ____ and joins together to travel down the ___
vertebral arteries
spinal cord
55
how many branches of the cerebral artery?
three
anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries
56
anterior choroid artery supplies the ____
major contributor to _____ production via ___ ___ ____
anterior choroid artery supplies the *choroid plexus*
major contributor to *CSF* production via *Choroid Plexus Filtration*
57
what arteries combine to make the basilar artery?
vertebral arteries
58
what do the vertebral arteries make when joined?
basilar artery
59
what runs between the labyrinthine a. and anterior inferior cerebellar a.?
abducens nerve (CN VI)
60
what runs between the superior cerebellar a. and the posterior cerebral a.?
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
61
what does the circle of willis connect?
connects the posterior cerebral arteries
and then to internal carotid a./middle cerebral a.
62
anastomoses in the brain (major)
circle of Willis
63
label
64
dural sinus has ____ pressure in them
negative
65
the dural sinus drains into the
internal jugular vein
66
against the bone dura mater =
spilts by meninges dura matter =
against the bone dura mater = periosteal dura
splits by meninges dura matter = meningeal dura
67
subarachnoid space is the same location as
CSF
68
dura mater folds/membrane (2)
flax cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
69
blue: superior sagittal sinus
yellow: confluence of sinus
70
what does the superior sagittal sinus empty into?
confluence of sinuses
71
inferior sagittal sinus connects to the confluence of sinuses via
straight sinus
72
what sinus runs laterally from the confluence of sinuses?
transverse sinuses
73
sigmoid sinus will drain directly into the...
internal jugular vein (through jugular foramen)
74
A: superior petrosal sinus
B: inferior petrosal sinus
C: sigmoid sinus
D: occipital sinus
75
on the wings of sphenoid, what sinus resides there?
sphenoparietal sinus
76
basilar venous plexus helps drain the superior and inferior ___ ____
petrosal sinuses
77
cavernous sinus
78
possible root of infection from orbit
venous drainage from the outside eye (ophthalmic veins) can drain into the orbit and then the cavernous sinus
79
emissary veins
parietal and occipital emissary veins
external to skull then drains into the skull
80
bridging veins
81
diploic veins
82
what supplies the dura of the brain?
middle meningeal artery
*through foramen spinosum
*runs within the dura
*supplies both the periosteal and meningeal dura
83
where is CSF produced?
ventricles
choroid plexus
84
what can CSF provide?
nutrients
protection (cushioning)
85
CSF is produced in the ventricles and exits into (2)
subarachnoid space
central canal of spinal cord
86
what artery is a major contributor to CSF production?
anterior choroid artery
87
88
CSF exits ventricles into subarachnoid space through (2)
lateral aperture
median aperture
89
how does CSF return to the blood?
through arachnoid villi/granulations
*bulges of arachnoid space through dura mater
90
flow of CSF
91
