Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NPTE > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the effects of Beta Blockers

A

Beta Blockers decrease HR, blood pressure, and myocardial contractility in order to decrease sympathetic cardiac stimulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of conditions are beta blockers good for?

A

angina pectoralis, arrhythmias, heart failure, recovery from an MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much does Beta blockers reduce maximum total HR by?

A

20-30 beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some common side effects of beta blockers?

A

Bradycardia and Orthostatic Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What may cause a PVC

A

PVC’s are caused by ectopic heart beats which are caused by :
anxiety
tobacco
alcohol
caffine
any condition causing myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What may cause a PVC

A

PVC’s are caused by ectopic heart beats which are caused by :
anxiety
tobacco
alcohol
caffine
any condition causing myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What may cause ST segment Depression?

A

myocardial ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the primary muscles of inspiration?

A

Diaphragm and External intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the primary muscles of expiration

A

Abdominals and Internal intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which position is best to initially strengthen the muscles of inspiration?

A

Supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which position is best to initially strengthen the muscles of inspiration?

A

Supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chest expansion during inspiaration in supine is directly related to the strength of what muscle

A

Intercostals (probably more the external )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chest expansion during inspiaration in supine is directly related to the strength of what muscle

A

Intercostals (probably more the external )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pathologic changes are seen in the lungs with a patient who has emphysema?

A

Hyperinflation of the lungs due to lack of elastic recoil.

increase in total lung capacity residual volume and functional residual capasity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what pulmonary changes can be expected with neurologic dysfunction

A

decrease in vital capacity, total lung volume, and inspiratory capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the rate pressure product or double product

A

It is the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. It is an indicator of myocardial oxygen consumption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the rate pressure product or double product

A

It is the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. It is an indicator of myocardial oxygen consumption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

decrease blood pressure and afterload by suppressing the enzyme that converts angiotensin 1-> angiotensin 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Due effect of ACE inhibitors what is a likely side effect

A

Orthostatic Hypotension due to decreased Blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are some medications that would cause an increased fall risk

A

ACE inhibitors
Antiepileptic Drugs
Antispasticity Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some side effects of anticoagulant medication

A

Hemorrhage
Increased risk of bleeding
GI distress (with oral medication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is critical limb Ischemia

A

Refers to severe obstruction of the arteries which markedly reduces blood flow to the extremities. It is an advanced stage of PAD (peripheral artery disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can cause critical limb ischemia?

A

increased plaque build-up that blocks blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms of PAD/ critical limb ischemia

A
  • decreased limb temp
  • increased limb pain at rest
  • weak or absent peripheral pulse
  • shiny smooth dry skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how can you decrease pain from critical limb ischemia?
Walk around | Put limb in dependant position
26
How do you categorize lymphedema?
Mild: less than 3 cm diff between sides Mod: 3-5 cm difference betwn sides Severe: 5+ cm diff betwn sides
27
What is an Ejection fraction?
The percentage of the end-diastolic volume ejected during subsequent systole.
28
What causes increase and decrease in ejection fraction?
When force of contraction increases ejection fraction increases (ex: exercise) When force of contraction decreases then ejection fraction decreases (ex: cardiomyopathy or ischemic heart disease)
29
What causes increase and decrease in ejection fraction?
When force of contraction increases ejection fraction increases (ex: exercise) When force of contraction decreases then ejection fraction decreases (ex: cardiomyopathy or ischemic heart disease)
30
What causes increase and decrease in ejection fraction?
When force of contraction increases ejection fraction increases (ex: exercise) When force of contraction decreases then ejection fraction decreases (ex: cardiomyopathy or ischemic heart disease)
31
what is preload?
Preload refers to the amount of myocardial stretch that is put on the heart before contraction.
32
what is afterload?
The load against which the ventricles must pump to eject blood. (aka how much resistance are the ventricles up against
33
What is an indicator to use meds to decrease afterload?
ventricular dysfunction/ decreased contractility or force production of the heart.
34
What are the primary determinants of the heart's performance as a pump?
- Preload - Afterload - Heart Rate - Contractility
35
What is the Karvonen Formula?
method of calculating target HR TargetHR=[(HRmax-HRrest) x %low]+ HRrest must also be done with the higher percent to achieve range
36
What is another name for the Karvonen Formula method of reaching target HR
Heart rate reserve method
37
How does a valsalva maneuver increase blood pressure?
it decreased venous blood flow to the heart due to increased intrathoracic and increased intra-abdominal pressure
38
What causes the increased pressure in a valsalva maneuver
contraction of the abdominals, chest wall, and diaphragm causing forced expiratory effort but against a closed glottis.
39
What causes the increased pressure in a valsalva maneuver
contraction of the abdominals, chest wall, and diaphragm causing forced expiratory effort but against a closed glottis.
40
What signs warrant immediate medical attention for angina pain
Angina pain that is not relieved by stopping exercise. | If pain persists after 3 Nitro tabs (1 evert 5 mins)
41
What is the proper release rate for BP measurement?
2-3 mmHg per second
42
How much should you inflate the BP cuff?
20 mmHg above the estimated BP
43
Why does a graded exercise exam using a bike utilize more oxygen ( increased maximal oxygen consumption)
LE muscle mass is larger requiring greater oxygen consumption
44
Why does a graded exercise exam using a bike utilize more oxygen ( increased maximal oxygen consumption)
LE muscle mass is larger requiring greater oxygen consumption
45
What is polycythemia
Polycythemia is an increase in the number of Red blood cells and the concentration of hemoglobin
46
What are side effects of Polycythemia
- increased BP - fatigue - dyspnea - headache - dizziness - irritability - blurred vision - decreased mental acuity - sensory disturbances
47
What are side effects of Polycythemia
- increased BP - fatigue - dyspnea - headache - dizziness - irritability - blurred vision - decreased mental acuity - sensory disturbances
48
How do you find the age estimated target HR?
220 - Age = Target HR
49
What does the American College of SPorts recommend for target HR? (VO2max & HR)
VO2max - 50-70% | HRmax - 70-85%
50
What range of FEV1/FVC is normal for patients with restrictive lung disease?
80-90%
51
What range of FEV1/FVC is normal for patients with obstructive lung disease
less than 70%
52
What is cystic fibrosis?
An obstructive lung disease in which there is increased production of/ decreased clearance of secretions. It is genetic and causes limited lifespan
53
What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
A resistive lung disease that is characterized by inflammation within the alveolar walls and the resulting fibrosis of those structures. The lung capacity decreases due to resistance but flow rates stay the same (so FEV1/FVC = 80-90%)
54
What is Chronic Bronchitis?
An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus in the airways.
55
What is Emphysema?
An obstructive lung disease where the distal airways become enlarged and destructive changes take place to the alveolar walls. Collapse of airways causes obstruction.
56
What is the purpose of a swan-Ganz-catheter (central line) ?
Measures: Central venus pressure pulmonary artery pressure pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
57
What is the norm and when is PT contra indicated due to prothrombin time
norm: 11-15 sec | contraindicated if 2.5 x that amount (27.5-37.5)
58
what differentiates Congestive heart failure from Heart failure?
The presence of edema will turn heart failure in to congestive heart failure
59
what can cause heart failure?
L ventricular dysfunction or impairments, coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease,hypertension , or infection.
60
What is Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Chronic occlusive arterial disease of medium- and large sized blood vessels, resulting i peripheral atherosclerosis.
61
What is common in the early stages of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ?
Intermittent claudication ( pain is described as burning, searing, aching, tightness, or cramping.
62
What is common in the late stages of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ?
Ischemia and pain at rest, ulcerations, gangrene, trophic changes.
63
What is Thromboangiitis Obliterans ?
Chronic inflammatory vascular occlusive disease of small arteries and veins.
64
Demographics of Thromboangiitis Obliterans ?
young men who smoke
65
Signs and symptoms of Thromboangiitis Obliterans ?
Paresthesisas or pain, cyanotic cold limb, decreased temperature sensation, fatigue risk of ulcerations or gangrene

NPTE (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions