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Cardiac Patholgoy Flashcards

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1
Q

Acute RF due to

A

β-hemolytic strep

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2
Q

Acute Rheymatif Fever JONES

A
  • J: Migratory polyarthritis, swelling and pain in large joints
  • O: Pancarditis
  • N: subcutaneous nodules
  • E: Erythema marginatum
  • S: Sydenham chorea
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3
Q

Adult coarctation of aorta presents with

A
  1. HT in the upper extremities and hypotension with weak pulse in lower extremities
  2. Notching of ribs on x-ray
  3. Bicuspid aortic valve
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4
Q

Antischkow cells are

A

Reactive histocytes with slender, wavy nuclei seen in myocarditis in acute RF

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5
Q

Aortic regurg sound

A

Early, blowing diastolic murmur

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6
Q

Aschoff bodes are

A

foci of chronic inflammation seen in Myocarditis due to acute RF

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7
Q

Compications of MI in < 4 hours

A

Cardiogenic shock

CHF

Arrhythmia

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8
Q

Diastolic dysfunction

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

Differential cynosis is

A

Lower extremity cyanosis due to PDA

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10
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by

A
  1. AD mutation of dytrophin
  2. Myocarditits due to Coxsackie A or B
  3. Alcohol
  4. Cocaine
  5. Pregnancy
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11
Q

Eisenmenger syndrome

A

When septal defect switched from L-R shunt to R-L shunt leading to:

  1. RV hypertorphy
  2. Polycythemia
  3. Clubbing
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12
Q

Endocarditis and underlying colorectal carcinoma

A

S. bovis

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13
Q

Endocarditis in Acute RF

A

Mitral valve has small vegetations along lines of closure that lead to regurgitation

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14
Q

Endocarditis of prosthetic valves

A

S. epidermidis

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15
Q

Endocarditits and Negative blood culture

A

HACEK

  1. Haemophilus
  2. Actinobacillus
  3. Cardiobacterium
  4. Eikenella
  5. Kingella
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16
Q

First Gross change of heart after MI in

A

4-12 hours

Mild molting

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17
Q

Heart-failure cells are

A

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages found in lungs due to Left-sided CHF

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18
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to

A

AD mutation in sarcomere proteins

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19
Q

IV drug uses and Endocarditis

A

S.aureus on tricuspid

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20
Q

Macrophages microscopically seen in MI

A

4-7 days

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21
Q

Mitral regurg sounds

A

Holosystolic blowing murmur that is louder with squatting and expiration

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22
Q

MVP is due to

A

Myxoid degeneration of the valve making it floppy

Usually due to Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos

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23
Q

MVP sound

Study These Flashcards
A

Mid-systolic clock follwed by a regurgitation murmur

Louder upon squatting

24
Q

Myocarditis in Acute RF

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Aschoff bodies
  2. Anitschokow cells
  3. Giant cells
  4. Fibrinoid materal
25
Nutmeg liver seen in
Right-sided CHF
26
Occlusion of LAD leads to infarction of the
Anterior wall of LV and anterior septum
27
Occlusion of Left circumflex artery leads to infarction of
Lateral wall of the LV
28
Occlusion of RCA leads to infarction of the
Posterior wall Posterior septum Papillary muslce
29
Pancarditis includes
Endocarditits Myocarditis Pericarditis
30
PMN seen microscopically in MI
1-3 days
31
Quincke pulse is
Pulsating nail bed seein in aortic regurg
32
Systolic dysfunction
Dilated cardiomyopathy
33
Tetralogy of Fallot include
1. VSD 2. Stenosis of RV outflwo track 3. RV hypertrophy 4. Aorta overrides the VSD
34
Troponin 1 levels return to normal in
7-10 days
35
Troponin 1 levels rise in
2-4 hours after infarction and pack at 24 hours
36
Unstable angina usually due to
Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with thrombosis
37
Wavy fibers and contractile band necrosis seen in
4-12 hours after MI
38
What are complications of MI after 1-3 days
Fibrinous pericarditis with a friction rub RUPTURE
39
What are the complications of MI after 4-7 days
1. Rupture of ventricular free wall leading to **cardiac tamponade** 2. Rupture of interventricular septum leading to shunt 3. Ruptuer of papillary muscle leading to **mitral insufficiency**
40
What causes Left-sided CHF
1. Ischemia 2. HT 3. Dilated cardiomyopathy 1. Viral 2. Alcohol 3. Cocaine 4. Post MI 5. Toxins 4. MI 5. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
41
What causes restrictive cardiomyopathy
1. Amyloidosis 2. Sarcoidosis 3. Hemochromatosis 4. Endocardial fibroelastosis (**children**) 5. Loeffler syndrome (fibrosis with **eosinophilic infiltrate**)
42
What congenital defect is associated with maternal diabetes
Transposition of greater vessels
43
What does the heart look like on x-ray in Tetralogy of Fallot
Boot-shaped
44
What is associated with a split S2 on auscultation
ASD
45
What is associated with congenital rubella
PDA
46
What is associated with Turner syndrome
Infantile coarctation of the Aorta
47
What is elevated in acute RF
ASO or anti-DNase B titiers
48
What is seen microscopically in 1-3 wks post MI
Granulation tissue with plump fibroblasts, collagen and blood vessels
49
What is the number one cause of Aortis regurg
Syphilis
50
What septal defect is associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
VSD
51
What type of ASD is associated with Down Syndrome
Ostium Primum
52
When do you see red borders emerge as granulation tissues enters from the edge of infacrt after MI
1-3 wks
53
When is coagulative necrosis observed microscopically due to MI
4-24 hours
54
When is dark discoloration observed in MI
4-24 hours
55
When is yellow pallor observed in MI
1-7 days
56
White scar due to MI seein in
Months

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