Exocrine Pancreas, GB and Liver

Question 1

What causes Acute pancreatitis

Answer 1

1. Alcohol
2. Gallstones
3. Hypercalcemia
4. Hyperlipidemia
5. Drugs
6. Scorpion sting
7. Mumps
8. Rupture of posterior duodenal ulcer

Question 2

Pancreatic pseudocysts

Answer 2

Fibrous tissue surrounded liquefactive necrosis and pancreatic enzymes seen as late complication of Acute pancreatitis

Question 3

What cuases Chronic Pancreatitis

Answer 3

Aduts: alcohol

Children: CF

Question 4

Pancareatic carcinoma tumor marker is

Answer 4

CA 19-9

Question 5

Pancreatic carcinoma is an

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma arising from the pancreatic ducts

Question 6

Pancreatic carcinoma clinical

Answer 6

1. Obstructive jaundice with pale stools and papable GB: because tumor normall in Head of pancreas causing obstruction
2. Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign)

Question 7

Cholelithiasis is

Answer 7

Gallstones

Question 8

Cholelithiasis arrise due to

Answer 8

1. Saturation of Cholestrol or bilirubin
2. Decrease phospholipds (Lecithin) or bile acids
3. Stasis

Question 9

Cholesterol stones are

Answer 9

Yellow

Radiolucent

Question 10

Risk factors for cholesterol Gallstones

Answer 10

1. Age
2. Estrogen
3. Clofibrate (increase cholesterol production)
4. Crohn
5. Cirrhosis

Question 11

Bilirubin stones are

Answer 11

Pigmented Radiopaque

Question 12

What two bugs increase Bilirubin Gallstones

Answer 12

Ascaris lumbricoides

Clonorchis sinensis

Question 13

Acute cholecystits pain originates and radiates to where

Answer 13

Right upper quadrant pain that radiates to right scapula

Question 14

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus

Answer 14

Herniation of GB mucosa into muscular wall seein in chronic cholecystits

Question 15

Ascending cholangitis is due to infection with

Answer 15

Ascending enteric gram-negative bacteria

Question 16

What conjugates bilirubin in hepatocytes

Answer 16

Uridine glucuronyl transferase

Question 17

Gilbert syndrome genetics

Answer 17

AR mutation causing mildly low UGT activity

Question 18

Gilbert syndrome lab findings

Answer 18

Increase UCB

Question 19

Gilbert syndrome clinical

Answer 19

Jaundice during stress

Question 20

Crigler-Najjar defect

Answer 20

Absence of UGT

Question 21

Crigler-Najjar clinical

Answer 21

Kernicterus

Fatal

Question 22

Dubin-Johnson genetics

Answer 22

AR deficiency of bilirubin canalicular transport protein

Question 23

Dubin-Johnson lab findings

Answer 23

Increased CB

Question 24

Lab findings in Obstructive jaundice

Answer 24

1. Increase CB
2. Decrease urine Urobilinogen
3. Increase Alkaline phosphate

Question 25

Fibrosis in Cirrhosis is mediated by

Answer 25

TGF-β from Stellate cells

Question 26

Mallory bodies are

Answer 26

Damaged cytokertain filaments seen in alcohol-related hepatitis

Question 27

Primary hemochromatosis is due to an AR mutation in

Answer 27

HFE gene

Question 28

Triad of Hemochromatosis

Answer 28

Cirrhosis Secondary Diabetes mellitus Bronze skin

Question 29

Hemochromatosis lab findings

Answer 29

1. Increase ferritin 2. Decreased TIBC 3. Increased Serum Iron 4. Increased % saturation

Question 30

Wilson disease genetics

Answer 30

AR defect in ATP7B that is an ATP-mediated hepatocyte Cu transport

Question 31

Treat wilson disease with

Answer 31

D-pencillamine (**chelates copper**)

Question 32

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is

Answer 32

Inflammation and fibrosis of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts

Question 33

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis is associated with

Answer 33

UC p-ANCA

Question 34

Reye syndrome is

Answer 34

Liver failure and encephalopathy in children with viral illness taking asprin

Question 35

Aflatoxin is a risk factor for

Answer 35

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 36

Hepatocellular Ca serum tumor marker is

Answer 36

Alpha-fetoprotein