cardiology - FA Flashcards
(34 cards)
how can you assess the CV system of a cow from a distance
- oedema - brisket and intermandibular
- posture
- Resp effort
- condition, presenting signs, hx
how can you assess CV of a cow, ‘hands on’
skin tenting - DH.
regional temp (ears etc) - perfusion
mm, CRT (conjunct, gingiva, vulva)
venous distention
if the mm are brick red - what are suspected causes
toxaemia
- salmon, pasteurellosis, MCF, IBR, infectious bov keratoconjunctivitis
if the mm are cyanotic - what might the signs be>
resp failure
nitrites or metaldehyde poison
congenital abn.
if the animal is jaundice - what are the suspicions
- hepatitis, lepto, haemolytic anaemia
- babesia, ragwort, kale, lupin, Cu+
- photosensitisation
what are the causes of haemorahaggic mm
anthrax
bracken
copper poisoning
leapt and mycotoxins
what HR is normal for calves and cows
calves = 100-120 cows = 50-80 (+ if high yielding)
where can you feel the pulse on a cow
middle coccygeal v (10cm below anus)
ext maxillary
cd auricular
in a normal cow how far up the jugular will the pulse remain normal
1/3. if any more than that = indicates high p
where would you locate the base and apex of the heart in the cow
base = 3rd-6th rib apex = 6th rib where it articulates with sternum
where will you find PAM?
3-4th IC space
where will you find the tricuspid valve
4th rib, 10cm above sternum
what might causes a heart murmur
valvular endocarditis
- stenosis, regurg,
desc in a basic manner the way to tell systolic from pre-systolic to diastolic murmur
persist = brr-lub dub systolic= lub, brr- dup diastolic = lud-dub-brr
which valve is most commonly effected by endocarditis
R AV valve
how does endocarditis occur and what is the dx and tx
persistent bacteraemia (from mastitis, nephritis)
leads to shifting lameness from emboli
dx - blood culture
name some path which might cause endocarditis
truperella progenies cl chauvoie e coli mycoplasma strep and staph mannheimia
congenital defect might also cause murmurs - name some
VSD PDA Patent FO Tetralogy of ballot aortic stenosis
anaemia can cause a murmur - what does it sound like
humming
what are some causes of myocardial weakness
septicaemia
deficiency - Cu, Se, VitE
poison
congen
what extra-cardia causes of murmur are there?
diaphragmatic hernia
ruminal tympany
oesoph obstruction
when are pericardial sounds heard
pansystolically
muffled, gurgle
what organisms that don’t cause endocarditis can cause pericarditis
TB - SO DONT DRAIN IT
haemophilia somnus
what are the clinical signs of pericarditis
shallow breathing
abducted elbows
