Dz-es of the UT Flashcards
(23 cards)
clinical signs of a UTI are
PUPD olig/anuria abdo pain HL lameness collapse
what investigations are indicated in urinary tract dz
Hx, CE, obs, catheterise
labs - haematology, biochem, e-lytes, urinalysis, culture, bsy
imaging - U/S, xray, cystoscopy
how big should the kidneys normally be
2.5 x L2 vertebra NB remember R is cRanial
what is a pneumocytogram
putting 10ml of NO into the bladder (stop if pain/R)
what is a contrast cystogram
putting 10mls of 150mg/ml of iodine in to serve as a good contrast to other tissues
what is a double contrast xray
both air and iodine in bladder
what is an IV urogram
inj contrast IV and pneumo-bladder
shows the size of kidneys and the flow of the ureters
wait 10 mins though first
also give an enema (so easier to see if bowel empty)
how cab you radiograph the urethra
retrograde urethrogram (using contrast)
what suture is indicated in bladder sx
mono-abs
give 3 bsy methds - to be used on the kidney
trucut - u/s guidance, avoid hlius!
FNA
surgical nephrotomy - wedge, need to tourniquet renal a+v to reduce supply by 20%!
what are the signs of nephroliths
abdo pain, haematuria, recurrent UTI, azotaemia
what type of nephrolith can be medically tx
oxolates
if the crystals in the urinary tract are not visible on xray, how might they be viewed
via u/s due to the shadowing effect
what is the most radio-opaque and what is the most radio-lucent urinary crystal
opaque = oxalate lucent = urate middle = cysteine
most 1ry neoplasias of the kidney are malignant, but 2ry ones are more common. what tx options are there
unilat nephrectomy
chemo (if lymphoma)
PTS
why in urinary tract sx should a catheter always be plpaced throughout recovery
to assess output vs input
why would you use a tube cystotomy (thru body wall)
if urethra blocked
what is the most common and malign neoplasia of the bladder
TCC
if benign vers then remove over 75% of bladder tissue
what are the 3 main sections of the male urethra
prostatic - PX
pelvic - membranous and vulnerable to injury if pelvic fx
penile - cavernous, in the Os penis so cant distend if gets blocked!
why are IVFT often required in urinary tract dzes
retention causes acid:base balance upset –> acidosis/alkalosis
also - azotaemia (all types)
inc urea ==> K++ often causes cardiac arrhythmias (this needs sorting)
what is a urethrostomy and where is it recom in C+D
permenant opening - usually in boys if suffered penile trauma (makes them wee like a girl - Oliver the Dog)
D - scrotal (must be castrated though)
C - perineal
what predisposes cats to feline urethra obstruction
- toms
- dry diets
- stress
what is the most common tx plan for a bicth with a SCC or TCC (most common pres) of the urethra
- cystotomy tube
- no sx normally as too close to trigone
- palliative care
