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Flashcards in Dz-es of the UT Deck (23)
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1
Q

clinical signs of a UTI are

A
PUPD
olig/anuria
abdo pain
HL lameness
collapse
2
Q

what investigations are indicated in urinary tract dz

A

Hx, CE, obs, catheterise
labs - haematology, biochem, e-lytes, urinalysis, culture, bsy
imaging - U/S, xray, cystoscopy

3
Q

how big should the kidneys normally be

A

2.5 x L2 vertebra NB remember R is cRanial

4
Q

what is a pneumocytogram

A

putting 10ml of NO into the bladder (stop if pain/R)

5
Q

what is a contrast cystogram

A

putting 10mls of 150mg/ml of iodine in to serve as a good contrast to other tissues

6
Q

what is a double contrast xray

A

both air and iodine in bladder

7
Q

what is an IV urogram

A

inj contrast IV and pneumo-bladder
shows the size of kidneys and the flow of the ureters
wait 10 mins though first
also give an enema (so easier to see if bowel empty)

8
Q

how cab you radiograph the urethra

A

retrograde urethrogram (using contrast)

9
Q

what suture is indicated in bladder sx

A

mono-abs

10
Q

give 3 bsy methds - to be used on the kidney

A

trucut - u/s guidance, avoid hlius!
FNA
surgical nephrotomy - wedge, need to tourniquet renal a+v to reduce supply by 20%!

11
Q

what are the signs of nephroliths

A

abdo pain, haematuria, recurrent UTI, azotaemia

12
Q

what type of nephrolith can be medically tx

A

oxolates

13
Q

if the crystals in the urinary tract are not visible on xray, how might they be viewed

A

via u/s due to the shadowing effect

14
Q

what is the most radio-opaque and what is the most radio-lucent urinary crystal

A
opaque = oxalate
lucent = urate
middle = cysteine
15
Q

most 1ry neoplasias of the kidney are malignant, but 2ry ones are more common. what tx options are there

A

unilat nephrectomy
chemo (if lymphoma)
PTS

16
Q

why in urinary tract sx should a catheter always be plpaced throughout recovery

A

to assess output vs input

17
Q

why would you use a tube cystotomy (thru body wall)

A

if urethra blocked

18
Q

what is the most common and malign neoplasia of the bladder

A

TCC

if benign vers then remove over 75% of bladder tissue

19
Q

what are the 3 main sections of the male urethra

A

prostatic - PX
pelvic - membranous and vulnerable to injury if pelvic fx
penile - cavernous, in the Os penis so cant distend if gets blocked!

20
Q

why are IVFT often required in urinary tract dzes

A

retention causes acid:base balance upset –> acidosis/alkalosis
also - azotaemia (all types)
inc urea ==> K++ often causes cardiac arrhythmias (this needs sorting)

21
Q

what is a urethrostomy and where is it recom in C+D

A

permenant opening - usually in boys if suffered penile trauma (makes them wee like a girl - Oliver the Dog)
D - scrotal (must be castrated though)
C - perineal

22
Q

what predisposes cats to feline urethra obstruction

A
  • toms
  • dry diets
  • stress
23
Q

what is the most common tx plan for a bicth with a SCC or TCC (most common pres) of the urethra

A
  • cystotomy tube
  • no sx normally as too close to trigone
  • palliative care