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VSCI300 MOD > Neurology - FA > Flashcards

Neurology - FA Flashcards

1
Q

how can you test un-conscious proprioceptive deficits

A

blindfold it - if it doesnt change motion when collides with obstacle - deficit.

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2
Q

what does the patatial reflex do and what does it test

A

press palate - mouth should open

tests trigem, v

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3
Q

what effects does a vagal lesions have

A

cant swallow, cough and rumenal contractions change (vagal indigestion)
*impt to know for sx as cows prod a lot of saliva!!

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4
Q

what are ‘cortical’ signs

A

Ataxia, proprioceptive deficit, blindness, circling, nystagmus, changes in behaviour/ conciousness, head pressing

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5
Q

what are cerebellar signs

A

imbalanced, wide based stance, head

tilt, dysmetria, nystagmus, tremors, hyperaesthesia

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6
Q

what dz may cause cortical signs - name a few

A

meningitis, CCN, Pb poisoning, nervous ketosis, hypo-Mg, salt poisoning
IBR, MCF, pseudorabies and rabies, BSE, hypovit-A, tumour/abscess

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7
Q

which of the dz causing cortical signs need reporting to AHVLA

A

Pb poisoning
Pseudorabies
Rabies
BSE

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8
Q

what are poss causes of meningitis in cattle, and signs

A

causes - extension/haematogenous inf. salmonella (calves) or pseudomonas mastitis (cows)
signs - pain, headpressing, d+, pyrexia, coma. ~staggers

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9
Q

how do you tx meningitis

A

IV, TPS, doxycycline, penicillin

dexamethasone

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10
Q

what causes CCN

A

vit b1 defic (thiamine)

  • absolute (calves)
  • relative (inc consumption of thiaminases, fish or brackens)
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11
Q

what is CCN and the signs

A

malacia or grey matter

signs - star-gazing/blindness, headpressing, nystagmus, head tilt, convulsions

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12
Q

how is CNN dx at PM

A

the lipofuscin fluoresces under UV, high thiaminase assay

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13
Q

how do you tx CCN

A

vit b1 (10mg/kg/4hrs)
csteroids and mannitol
rectify cause

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14
Q

Pb poisoning causes….

A

acute encephalopathy (cf horses)

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15
Q

what are the signs of Pb poisoning

A 
depressed
muscle fasciculations
ataxia, blindness
abdo pain + bloat, d+
convulsions
coma + death
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16
Q

how do you tx Pb poisoning

A

phenobarb - to control fits
chelate Pb with EDTA
thiamine - mobilises itra-cellular Pb into the blood (less tox)
oral MgSO4 to precipitate Pb in GIT + stop abs

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17
Q

what are the signs of nervous ketosis

A

obsessive licking, head-pressing. signs are cyclical every 10hrs

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18
Q

what type of cow is classically at risk of hypo-Mg

A

beef suckler, 1mth after parturition
Mg stored, not ready for use and excreted in milk
spring (bad weather)

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19
Q

what are the signs of hypoMg

A 
hyperexcitability
muscle tremors
staggers
lat recumbancy + seizures
death wi 1hr
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20
Q

what is the result of salt poisoning/water deprivation

A

Na deposits on brain - stop anaerobic glycolytic pathways
inc ICP
DH, depression, d+, star-gazing, head pressing,

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21
Q

what is aujeskys dz

A

pseudorabies

22
Q

what are the signs of pseudorabies

A

VERY ITCHY HEAD

depression, circling, nystagmus. from pigs

23
Q

what are the signs of rabies in cows

A

hyperexcitability, fear, depression, flaccid paralysis

24
Q

what are the signs of ‘the occasional’ hydrocephalus in cows

A

failed drainage of CSF –> domed cranium, Inc ICP. mania, head pressing, tremors, convulsions

25
how do brain abscesses usually arise
extension from arcanobacterium pyogenes sinus inf
26
how do signs of meningitis and brain abscess vary
abscess = slwoer onset. 1 eye blindness --> walking, head pressing/tilt twd lesion, depression late stages = CN involvmenent --> coma
27
what are the lesions formed by BSE
bstem vacuolisation
28
how does BSE 'work'
PrP proteins are normal in CNS membranes. something triggers a change and this modification causes other PrP to change too --> degeneration of neurones
29
what are the signs of BSE
3-6yo | kg loss, head tossing, teeth grinding, fear, aggression and ataxia
30
what is necessary to be done for notifiable disease
if suspect - tell DEFRA famer compensated offspring traced and culled if dz confirmed VO makes final call
31
why is BSE so hard to dx
cant do anything 'live' long incubation PM - western blot, histopath, immunocytochem
32
what are the causes of hypovitA
animals on straw/cereal, indoor diets | of calves born to deficient dams
33
what are the signs of hypovit a (carotene)
thickened dura mater bony growth in brain inc CSF retinal degen - no PLR
34
how do you treat hypovitA
give vit A - even in late stage, except in old cattle with severe ocular damage 400iu/kg
35
what can cause cerebellar hypoplasia
BVD inf (d90-170 gestation) in utero --> calf w hypoplasia
36
what area does a listeria monocytogenes infection affect
bstem | inf travelled from conjunctiva via trigeminal n and formed micro-abscesses there
37
what are the clinical signs of listeriosis
dull, not lip/cheek tone ptosis of ear and eye headpressing
38
how do you tx listeriosis
OTC/penicillin ++, aim to prevent progression, unlikely to mend deficits now get rid of shitty soily silage
39
what are the causes of spinal fractures
calves hypovit d hypo ca cu defic
40
what bacteria can cause spinal abscesses
s. aureus, pasterella haemoytica | fusobacterium necrophorum
41
desc spastic paresis and causes
assymetrically spasticity and hypertonia of extensor m (HL only) only when standing
42
how can you tx spastic paresis of hL
neurectomy of tibial n (runs deep to gastrogneiums) dont cut the tibial n or lat sapheous
43
what is tetanus
caused by exotoxins from c. tetani found in soil/GIT spores enter via wound or gi anaerobic multiplication --> n-toxin
44
what are the clinical signs of tetanus
``` 2-4wk incubation stiffness rumenal tympany prlapsed 3rd eyelid legs extended recumbancy - death ```
45
how can you tx tetanus
if fully dev - PTS if starting - bed up warm and dark and quiet anti-tox only helpful vvv early penicillin +++ irrigate site of infection with both above vaccinate
46
what are the signs of botulism
``` muscle weakness --> paralysis anoraxia, mydiasis drooling droopy face - tongue out dec rumen motility ,bloat resp failure = death ```
47
can botulinum be treated
if early yes - symptomatic and supportive - purge body of toxins
48
what are the casues of obturator neuropathies, ddx and also tx
dystocia (esp in heifers) - foetus damages obturator, she cant adduct ddx = pelvix fx tx - csterios, chain together and soft bedding
49
what are the causes of peroneal neuropathies
branch of the sciatic over later stifle - damaged in falls or recumbant cows - - hyperext of hock, fetlock and digits - loss of sensation here - bandage
50
how can the sciatic nerve get damaged
recumbnt or struggling to get up | sigs = non-kg bearing, no sensation distal to stifle

VSCI300 MOD (32 decks)

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