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Question 1

The NPN fraction comprises

Answer 1

15 compounds

Question 2

Majority of these compounds arise from catabolism of

Answer 2

proteins and nucleic acids

Question 3

Highest concentration of NPN in blood

Answer 3

Urea Nitrogen

Question 4

Major excretory product of protein metabolism

Answer 4

Urea Nitrogen

Question 5

Urea releases _____, which is converted to

Answer 5

nitrogen, ammonia

Question 6

urea is synthesized in the

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

Concentration or BUN is determined by

Answer 7

• Renal function
• Dietary intake
• Protein catabolism rate

Question 8

elevated conc. of urea in blood

Answer 8

Azotemia

Question 9

Very high plasma urea concentration accompanied by
renal failure is called

Answer 9

uremia, or the uremic syndrome

Question 10

Causes of urea plasma elevations are

Answer 10

• Prerenal
• Renal
• Postrenal

Question 11

These drugs (eg Probenecid) increase the urinary excretion of urate by inhibiting tubular reabsorption

Answer 11

Uricosuric agents

Question 12

These agents (eg colchicine and indomethacin) are used symptomatically to relieve the pain of acute gouty arthritis.

Answer 12

Anti-inflammatory agents

Question 13

inhibit the enzyme xanthine oxidase, producing a decrease in the plasma and urinary concentrations of urate

Answer 13

Allopurinol

Question 14

Some patients may have only 1 attack, whilst others have recurrent attacks at shorter intervals.

Answer 14

Intercritical Gout

Question 15

This follows recurrent attacks and is characterised by the development of tophi (swellings containing uric acid crystals) in the periarticular tissue

Answer 15

Chronic Tophaceous Gout

Question 16

is usually present for many years
before the onset of symptoms.

Answer 16

Asymptomatic Hyperuricaemia

Question 17

Classical presentation is acute inflammation of the
metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe (70%), and the first attack is usually monoarticular (affects
only 1 joint)

Answer 17

Acute Gouty Arthritis

Question 18

is a group of metabolic diseases associated with hyperuricaemia
and deposition of crystals of monosodium urate in tissues.

Answer 18

Gout

Question 19

is associated with a tendency to form crystals of monosodium urate

Answer 19

Hyperuricemia

Question 20

is the end product of purine
metabolism.

Answer 20

Uric acid

Question 21

Primarily in men

Answer 21

Gout

Question 22

Occurs in patients on chemotherapy for diseases
such as leukemia & multiple myeloma

Answer 22

Increased catabolism

Question 23

treatment of Increased catabolism

Answer 23

Allopurinol

Question 24

causes elevated levels of uric acid because filtration and secretion are hindered

Answer 24

Chronic renal disease

Question 25

Secondary to severe liver disease

Answer 25

Hypouricemia

Question 26

proximal tubular function of the kidney is impaired

Answer 26

Fanconi’s Syndrome

Question 27

treatment of hypourecemia

Answer 27

allopurinol

Question 28

Reference range of UA

Answer 28

Males: 0.5-7.2 mg/dl Females: 2.6-6.0 mg/dl