hema 2

Question 1

a heterogeneous group of malignant disorders, which are characterized by the uncontrolled clonal proliferation and accumulation of poorly differentiated blast cells in the bone marrow and other tissues.

Answer 1

acute leukemias

Question 2

2 hit model of leukomogenesis

Answer 2

diff block + enhanced proliferation

Question 3

lab eval of acute leukemia

Answer 3

normochromic, normocytic
dec platelets
variable WBC counts

Question 4

increased WBCs due to blasts

Answer 4

leukemic

Question 5

blasts without increased WBCs

Answer 5

subleukemic

Question 6

decreased WBCs with no blasts

Answer 6

aleukemic

Question 7

secondary to kidney damage

Answer 7

hypokalemia

Question 8

secondary to the production of a vasopressin-like substance by myeloblasts.

Answer 8

hyponatremia

Question 9

due to release of purine from lysis of abnormal cells

Answer 9

hyperuricemia

Question 10

in light microscopy, Auer rods, cytoplasmic granules

Answer 10

AML

Question 11

no Auer rods or granules.

Answer 11

ALL

Question 12

promotes staining of granules in neutrophilic and eosinophilic cells

Answer 12

PEROXIDASE

Question 13

promotes differentiation of MPD (increased) and AML (decreased); seen in white blood cells

Answer 13

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

Question 14

Present in the non-specific granules of promyelocytes and of neutrophils

Answer 14

CHLOROACETATE ESTERASE

Question 15

Is strongest in monocytes, macrophages, megakaryocytes, and platelets.

Answer 15

a-NAPHTYL ACETATE

Question 16

It is also positive in basophils and plasma cells.

Answer 16

a-NAPHTYL ACETATE

Question 17

Intense activity is present in osteoclasts and some macrophages.

Answer 17

ACID PHOSPHATASE

Question 18

resistant acid phosphatase reaction diffusely prominent in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells is highly characteristic of hairy-cell leukemia.

Answer 18

Tartrate

Question 19

stains granules of granulocytes and to a lesser degree monocytes BUT NOT lymphocytes

Answer 19

SUDAN BLACK

Question 20

In the blood from normal people, the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes stains intensely pink or red, with granular appearance in some cells.

Answer 20

PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS) STAIN

Question 21

is a general term applied to all acute leukemias involving cells other than lymphocytes

Answer 21

ANLL

Question 22

Characterized by immature marrow cells that have been blocked at an undifferentiated or partially differentiated stage of maturation with or without involvement of the peripheral blood

Answer 22

ANLL

Question 23

ANLL DISPOSITION

Answer 23

MALE

Question 24

Generally unknown but a combination of several factors
RADIATION

Answer 24

• Radiologists exposed prior to establishment of safety standards
• Patients treated with radiation for AS
• Survivors of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Question 25

treatment for multiple myeloma

Answer 25

Phenylalanine mustard/Cyclophosphamide

Question 26

treatment for Hodgkin disease

Answer 26

Alkylating agents

Question 27

treatment for Immunoinflammatory disorders

Answer 27

Immunosuppressive agents

Question 28

potentially carcinogenic

Answer 28

benzene

Question 29

Purpose is to provide uniformity in classification

Answer 29

FAB Classification

Question 30

Specific criteria is based on two factors:

Answer 30

- Direction of cell line differentiation - Degree of maturation of the proliferating cells