Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3rd year > CC LEC MIDTERMSSSS > Flashcards

CC LEC MIDTERMSSSS Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Three general types of such compounds are

A

⚫ Carbohydrates (CHO)
⚫ Amino acids
⚫ And lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are the primary source of energy for brain, erythrocytes and retinal cells

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stored primarily as liver & muscle glycogen

A

Carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General formula of Carbohydrates

A

(CH2O)n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification of CHO is based on four different properties:

A
  1. The size of the base carbon chain
  2. The location of the CO functional group
  3. The number of sugar units
  4. The stereochemistry of the compound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The size of the base carbon chain can be classified based on the number of carbons in the molecule

A

⚫ Trioses ( 3 Carbons)
⚫ Tetroses
⚫ Pentoses
⚫ And hexoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aldehyde as functional group

A

Aldose form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ketone as functional group

A

Ketose form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification based on the number of sugar units in the chain

A
  1. Monosaccharide
  2. Disaccharide (2 sugars linked together)
  3. Oligosaccharide (2-10 linked sugars)
  4. Polysaccharide (long sugar chains)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Simplest sugars; cannot be broken down into any simpler sugar

A

Monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Important pentose (5 carbon) sugars include

A

ribose and 2-deoxyribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Formed from two monosaccharide with the production of water.

A

Disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common form of Disaccharides is

A

Sucrose (table sugar) which is glucose and fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(glucose and galactose)

A

Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(glucose and glucose)

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

not digested by humans.

A

Plants (cellulose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

principal CHO (polysaccharide) storage product of plants

A

Starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

principal CHO storage product in animal.

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

formed by the combination of monosaccharide.

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mirror image forms

A

Stereochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

right side OH

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

left side OH

A

L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are based on the configuration about the single asymmetric C

A

D & L designations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

is a primary source of energy

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
tissue cannot concentrate or store CHO
Nervous
26
digest the nonabsorbable forms of Carohydrates to dextrin and disaccharide which are hydrolyzed to monosaccharide
Amylase
27
is an enzyme released by intestinal mucosa that hydrolyzes maltose to two glucose unit
Maltase
28
hydrolyze sucrose to glucose & fructose
Sucrose
29
hydrolyze lactose to glucose & galactose.
Lactase
30
is the only CHO to be directly used for energy or stored as glycogen.
Glucose
31
due to a deficiency of lactase enzyme on or in the intestinal lumens, which is needed to metabolize lactose
Lactose intolerance
32
Ultimate goal is to convert glucose to
Carbon dioxide & Water
33
Glucose-6- phosphate enters the pathways
(EHG) Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose Monophosphate shunt Glucogenesis (storage of glucose as glycogen)
34
Breakdown of glucose for energy production
Glycolysis
35
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Glycogenolysis
36
Glycogenolysis occurs when
plasma glucose is decreased
37
is a quickly accessible storage form of glucose
Glycogen
38
Excess glucose is converted and stored as glycogen
Glycogenesis
39
Conversion of non-carbohydrate carbon substrates to glucose
Gluconeogenesis
40
Gluconeogenesis takes place mainly in the
Liver
41
Conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids
Lipogenesis
42
another energy storage form, but not as quickly accessible as glycogen
Lipogenesis
43
Decomposition of fat
Lipolysis
44
Primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell.
Insulin
45
Synthesized in the _____ of langerhans in the pancreas.
Beta cells of islet
46
Is the only hormone that decreases glucose levels and is referred as a hypoglycemic agent.
Insulin
47
Peptide hormone that is synthesized by the alpha cells of the Islets cells of the pancreas
Glucagon
48
Released during stress and fasting states.
Glucagon
49
Released in response to decreased body glucose.
Glucagon
50
Hormone produced by the adrenal gland
Epinephrine
51
Primarily cortisol is released when stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone
Glucocorticoids
52
Insulin antagonist
Glucocorticoids
53
The thyroid gland releases
Thyroxine
54
Produced by the delta cells of the lslets of Langerhans of the pancreas
Somatostatin
55
The inhibition of insulin, glucagon
Somatostatin
56
Increase in plasma glucose levels
Hyperglycemia
57
Hyperglycemia is caused by an
Hormonal imbalance
58
Metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
Diabetes Mellitus
59
Type I
Insulin dependent
60
Type 2
Non insulin dependent
61
Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Insulin
62
Due to cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas, causing an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
63
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus commonly occurs in
Children
64
Characteristics of T1DM
⚫ Abrupt onset ⚫ Insulin dependence ⚫ Ketosis tendency
65
One or more of the following markers are found in 85% to 90% of individuals with fasting hyperglycemia
⚫ Islet cell autoantibodies (ICA) ⚫ Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) ⚫ Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD-65) ⚫ IA-2A protein tyrosine phosphatase
66
plasma levels >126 mg/dL
Hyperglycemia
67
plasma glucose >180 mg/dL
Glucosuria

3rd year (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions