CED Unit 4 (Psychology of Social Situations) Flashcards
(28 cards)
Social influence theory
People often change their behavior based on the influence of others
Normative social influence
When people adjust their behavior to fit in with a group
Informational social influence
When people look to others for guidance in uncertain situations
Persuasion
The process of influencing someone’s thoughts, beliefs, or actions
Elaboration likelihood model
Explains the central and peripheral route of persuasion
Central route
Type of persuasion: involves careful thinking and evaluation of facts and arguments
Peripheral route
Type of persuasion: relies on emotions, attractiveness, or other superficial factors instead of deep thinking
Halo effect
Cognitive bias where positive impressions in one area unfairly influence opinions in other unrelated areas
Foot-in-the-door technique
Persuasion: starts with a small request. Once the person agrees, they are more likely to accept a larger request later
Door-in-the-face technique
Persuasion: begins with a large request that is likely to be rejected. Then, a smaller, more reasonable request follows, making it seem more acceptable
Individualism
Focus on personal goals and self-expression
Collectivism
Emphasize group harmony and cooperation
Multiculturalism
Values diversity and allows different cultural perspectives to coexist
Group polarization
Discussions with like-minded people strengthen existing opinions, making attitudes more extreme
Groupthink
The desire for agreement causes people to ignore alternative viewpoints and critical thinking
Diffusion of responsibility
Makes people feel less personally accountable for their actions, the larger the group, the easier it is to assume someone else will take responsibility
Social loafing
When individuals put in less effort because they assume others will contribute
Deindividuation
When people lose their sense of self-awareness and restraint in a crowd, sometimes leading to impulsive or risky behavior
Social facilitation
The presence of other people can change how well someone performs a task, whether performance improves or worsens depends on how familiar or difficult the task is.
False consensus effect
A cognitive bias where people assume that their own beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are more widely shared than they actually are
Superordinate goals
Shared objectives that require cooperation among different groups
Social traps
Occur when individuals prioritize short-term self-interest over long-term collective well-being
Industrial-organizational psychology
Workplace behavior is influenced by various psychological factors that affect both individual and organizational outcomes
Altruism
The belief in or practice of disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others
