Cell Differentiation and Specialisation Flashcards
Cell Biology (18 cards)
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
What happens to cells as they differentiate?
As cells change, they develop different subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells.
When does most differentiation occur?
Most differentiation occurs as an organism develops.
What happens to differentiation ability in most animal cells?
In most animal cells, the ability to differentiate is lost at an early stage after they become specialised.
Do plant cells retain their ability to differentiate?
Yes, many plant cells do not lose their ability to differentiate.
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells.
What is the primary function of sperm cells?
The function of a sperm cell is to get the male DNA to the female DNA.
What structural features help sperm cells in their function?
Sperm cells have a long tail, a streamlined head, and a lot of mitochondria.
What is the function of nerve cells?
Nerve cells carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another.
What structural features are characteristic of nerve cells?
Nerve cells are long and have branched connections at their ends.
What is the primary function of muscle cells?
The function of a muscle cell is to contract quickly.
What adaptations do muscle cells have for their function?
Muscle cells are long and contain lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction.
What do root hair cells do?
Root hair cells are specialised for absorbing water and minerals.
How do root hair cells enhance absorption?
They grow into long ‘hairs’ that increase the surface area for absorption.
What is the function of phloem and xylem cells?
Phloem and xylem cells are specialised for transporting substances.
How are phloem and xylem cells structured?
They are long and joined end to end, with xylem cells being hollow.
Fill in the blank: The function of a sperm cell is to get the male DNA to the _______.
female DNA
True or False: Muscle cells have few mitochondria.
False
