Cells Flashcards
Cell Biology (21 cards)
What are the two main types of organisms?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
All living things are made of _______.
cells.
What type of cells are considered more complex?
Eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. _______.
bacteria.
What are organisms made up of eukaryotic cells called?
Eukaryotes.
What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryotic cell (it’s a single-celled organism).
What are the parts of a cell called?
Subcellular structures.
What subcellular structure contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell?
Nucleus.
What is the gel-like substance in animal cells where most chemical reactions happen?
Cytoplasm.
What controls what goes in and out of the cell?
Cell membrane.
Where do most reactions for aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria.
What are the structures where proteins are made in the cell?
Ribosomes.
What additional structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
- Rigid cell wall
- Permanent vacuole
- Chloroplasts
What is the function of the rigid cell wall in plant cells?
It supports and strengthens the cell.
What does the permanent vacuole contain?
Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Chloroplasts.
What green substance in chloroplasts absorbs light needed for photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
What is the size of bacterial cells compared to other cells?
Much smaller.
What do bacterial cells lack compared to eukaryotic cells?
- Chloroplasts
- Mitochondria
- ‘True’ nucleus
What type of DNA do bacterial cells have?
A single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm.
What are small rings of DNA in bacterial cells called?
Plasmids.
