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Flashcards in Ch 1 Orientation Deck (48)
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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure

2
Q

Physiology

A

Function

3
Q

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

A

The study of large structures visible to the naked eye: Regional, Systemic & Surface.

4
Q

Regional

A

Studying structures according to region (abd pelvis chect ect.)

5
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Studying system by stetem, (cardiovascular,respiratory reproductive ect.)

6
Q

Surface

A

Study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin.

7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye: Cytology and Histology.

8
Q

Cytology

A

The cells in the body

9
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

10
Q

Develoopmental biology

A

Traces structural changes that occure throughout the life span. (embryology ia a subdivision)

11
Q

Levels of organization

A
Chemical 
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system 
organism
12
Q

Necessary Life functions

A
Maintianing boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth
13
Q

Survival needs

A
Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal body temp
Normal atmosphereic pressure
14
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions inspite of changing external conditions.

15
Q

Variable

A

The factor being regulated

16
Q

3 Homeostaic controls

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

17
Q

Receptor

A

Sensor that monitors the enviroment and responds to changes.

18
Q

Control Center

A

Determins the set point, level or range that the variable is maintained.

19
Q

Effector

A

Provides the means for the control centers responce to the stimuli

20
Q

Negitive feed back mechanisms

A

The output shuts off the original effect of the stimuli or reduces it’s intensity. Maintian a range

21
Q

Positive feed back mechanisms

A

Enhances the original stimuli so that the responce is accelerated. Push pash a range

22
Q

2 functional divisions of our body

A

Axial an appendicular

23
Q

3 planes

A

Coronal
Transverse
Sagittal

24
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane that devides the body into left and right sides

25
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Vertiacal plane, divides body into anterior and posterior.

26
Q

Transverse

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior

27
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

Crainal and vertebral/spinal cavities.

28
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Thorasic and Abdominopelvic cavities

29
Q

9 abdominal quadrants

A

R hypochondriac, Epigastric, L hypochondriac, R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar, R iliac (inguinal), hpogastric (pubic), L iliac (inguinal)

30
Q

Membranes in Ventral cavity

A

Serosa: thin double layered memnbrne
Parietal Serosa: Lining the cavity walls
Vicceral Serosa: Covering the organs in the cavity

31
Q

What is the oldest medical science

A

Anatomy- “cutting open”

32
Q

Principle of complementary structure and function

A

All specific functions are performed by specific structures

33
Q

What is the boundary from microscopic anatomy to microscopic anatomy

A

At the organ level

34
Q

Name the physiology specialities

A

Cell physiology
Organ physiology
System physiology
Pathophysiology

35
Q

Scientific method

A

System of advancing knowledge:
Posing a hypothesis to answer a question
Testing the hypothesis with data collected with observation and experiment

36
Q

Homeostatic regulation

A

The adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

37
Q

Autoregulation

A

A process that occurs when a cell, tissue, organ or organ system responds to some environmental change

38
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

A process that results from activities of the nervous system or endocrine system in response to environmental changes

39
Q

Nervous response vs. endocrine response time

A
Nervous = rapid-short term
Endocrine = may not be immediate-may last for days/weeks
40
Q

What is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis

A

Negative feedback: provides long term control over the bodies internal conditions and systems

41
Q

In _________, an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in conditions, rather than opposing it.

A

Positive feed back

42
Q

When is a positive feedback typically found in the body?

A

When a potentially dangerous or stressful process must be completed quickly to restore homeostasis

43
Q

Astate of ________ exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance.

A

Equilibrium

44
Q

True body cavities are:

A

closed, fluid-filled and lined by a thin tissue layer called a serous membrane

45
Q

Two functions of body cavities in the trunk:

A

Protect organs from shock and impact

Permit changes in size and shape or the internal organs

46
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs that are enclosed by body cavities.

47
Q

Visceral serosa

A

Membrane that covers the visceral organs

48
Q

Parietal Serosa

A

Membrane that lines the body wall