Chapter 11, Muscular System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 11, Muscular System Deck (31)
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1
Q

Types of muscles

A

Parallel: biceps brachii
Convergent: pectoralis major, rectus abdominous, supinator
Pennare: rectus femoris, deltoid,
Circular: orbicularis oris

2
Q

Parallel muscles

A

Fascicles are parallel to the long axis

3
Q

Convergent muscles

A

Fascicles extent over a large surface area and converge at a common attachment point. Muscle fibers pull in different directions rather than one in parallel.

4
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Form a common angle with their tendon and contract at an angle. Do not move their tendon as much as parallel muscles. Produce more tension because they contain more muscle fibers.
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

5
Q

Circular muscles

A

Circularly located around an opening, also called sphincters and guard body openings

6
Q

Purpose of a lever

A

Attaching to a muscle a lever can modify force, speed, or direction of movement.
A lever is a ridged structure such as bone-that moves on a fixed fulcrum

7
Q

3 important things about levers

A

They can change:

  1. direction of an applied force
  2. distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force
  3. effective strength of applied force
8
Q

First class lever

A

Pry bar
Fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load
Example: neck

9
Q

Origin

A

Fixed attachment to a bone, cartilage or connective tissue

10
Q

Insertion

A

The site where the movable end attaches to another structure

11
Q

Ways to define muscles based on their functions

A

Agonist
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator

12
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover, a muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing a movement

13
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle whose action opposes the action of an agonist

14
Q

Synergist

A

Contracts to help a larger agonist work efficiently

15
Q

Fixator

A

A synergist that assists an agonist by preventing movement at another joint, thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist

16
Q

Descriptive terms used to name skeletal muscle

A
Location in the body
Origin and insertion
Fascicle organization
Posisiton
Structural characteristics
Action
17
Q

Muscles of the axial

A

Head and neck
Vertebral column
Oblique and rectus muscles
Pelvic floor

18
Q

Second class lever

A

The load lies between the applied force and the fulcrum, wheelbarrow
Body example Heel lift

19
Q

Third class lever

A

The applied force is between the load and the fulcrum, catapult
Biceps curl

20
Q

Muscles of the mouth in facial expression

A

Buccinator: compresses cheeks
Depressor libii inferiois: depresses lower lip
Levator libii superiois: elevates upper lip
Levator anguli oris: smile muscle
Mentalis: elevated and prodrudes lowe lip ( pout muscle)
Orbicularis oris: compresses purses lips
Risorius: draws corner of the mouth to the side
Depressor anguli oris: depresses corner of the mouth
Zygomatic major: retracts and elevates corner if the mouth
Zygomatic minor: retracts and elevates upper lip

21
Q

Muscles of the eye in facial expression

A

Corruegator supercilii: wrinkles eye brow
Levator papebrae superioris: elevates upper eye lid
Orbicularis oculi:closes eyes

22
Q

Muscles of the nose in facial expression

A

Procerus: moves nose and changes position and shape of the nostrils
Nasalis: Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose and elevates corners of nostrils

23
Q

Muscle of the ear in facial expression

A

Temporoparietalis: tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear

24
Q

Muscles of scalp in facial expression

A

Occipitofrontalis: raises eyebrows wrinkles forehead

Occipital belly: tenses and retracts scalp

25
Q

Neck muscle in facial expression

A

Patysma: tenses skin of the neck; depresses mandible; pulls lower lip down.

26
Q

Extrinsic eye muscles (6)

A

Inferior rectus: eye looks inferiorly
Medial rectus: eye looks medially
Superior rectus: eye looks superiorly
Lateral rectus: eye looks laterally
Inferior oblique: eye rolls, looks superior and laterally
Superior oblique: eye rolls, looks inferior and lateally

27
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Masseter: elevates mandible and jaw closes
Tepmoralis: elevates mandible
Medial Ptergoids: elevates mandible, slides mandible from side to side (lateral excursion)
Lateral Ptergoids: Open jaw, protrudes mandible or preforms lateral excursion

28
Q

Muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus: depresses and protracts the tongue
Hypoglossus: depresses and retracts the tongue
Palatoglossius: elevates tongue and depresses soft pallet
Styloglossus: retracts the tongue and elevates the side of the tongue

29
Q

Muscles of the pharynx

A
Pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle and inferior): move food into the esophagus
Palatal muscles: tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini:elevate spft pallet and pull open the enterence to the auditory tube
30
Q

Rectus Muscles

A

Are important flexors of the vertebral column, acting in opposition to the erector spinae

31
Q

Scalene muscles

A

elevate the first two ribs and assist in the flexion of the neck