Chapter 9 Joints Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 9 Joints Deck (29)
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1
Q

3 joint categories of joints according to motion

A

Synarthrosis: immovable
Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis: freely movable joint

2
Q

3 categories of joints according to framework

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

3
Q

2 fiberous synarthrosis joints

A

Suture: in the skull
Gomphosis: teeth

4
Q

Cartilaginous synarthrosis

A

Synchondrosis: ridged cartilage bridge between two bones such as the ribs and sternum

5
Q

Bony synarthrosis

A

Synostosis: When two bones fuse completely such as the frontal bone

6
Q

Fiberous amphiarthrosis

A

Syndesosis: bones are connected by a ligament such as the distal tibia and fibula

7
Q

Cartilaginous amphiarthrosis

A

Symphysis: articulating bones that are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage, pubis symphysis

8
Q

Synovial diarthrosis

A

All synovial joints

9
Q

Accessory structures of synovial joints

A

Cartilage and fat pads
Tendons
Ligaments

10
Q

Cartilage and fat pads

A

Meniscus lies between opposing articular surfaces and may subdivide the cavity and channel the flow of synovial fluid
Fat pads are localized patches of adipose tissue that are covered by synovial membrane. Protect cartilages and act as packing material.

11
Q

Ligaments

A

Support strengthen and support and reinforce synovial joints.
Intrinsic ligaments are localized thickening of the joint capsule
Extrinsic ligaments are separate from the joint capsule

12
Q

Tendons

A

Not a part of the joint but provide mechanical support for it by limiting the ROM

13
Q

Bursae

A

Small synovial fluid filled sacs that are found anywhere tendons and ligaments rub against other tissues; reduce friction and absorb shock.

14
Q

6 classifications of synovial joints

A
Gliding
Hinge
Condylar
Saddle
Pivot
Ball and socket
15
Q

Gliding joint

A

Slight movement of flattened surfaces that slide across one another: acromioclavicular

16
Q

Hinge joint

A

Monoaxial, permit angular motion in a single plane; elbow

17
Q

Condylar joint

A

Biaxial. Oval articular surface nestled within a depression on the opposing surface; Radiocarpal and metacarpals 2-5

18
Q

Saddle joint

A

Biaxial. Concave and convex surfaces that articulate in angular and slide biaxial; thumb

19
Q

Pivot joint

A

Only permit rotation; atlantoaxial joint and proximal radial ulnar joint

20
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Circumdunction and rotation, triaxial; shoulder and hip

21
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Anulus fibrosis: tough outer layer
Nucleus pulposus: soft, elastic, gelatinous core
Vertebral end plate: composed of hyaline cartilage

22
Q

Intervertebral ligaments

A

Anterior longitudinal: connects anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal: connects posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Ligamentum flavum: connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Intraspinous: between spinous process
Supraspnous: connects the tips of the spinous process

23
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Fibrocartilage cavity that increases the glenoid cavity beyond the bone ridge.

24
Q

Major ligaments that stabilize the shoulder joint

A
Glenohumeral
Coracohumeral
corscronaromial
coracoclavicular
Acromioclvicular
25
Q

Rotater cuff muscles (SITS)

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

26
Q

The elbow is extremely stable because:

A
  1. the bony surfaces of the ulna and humerus interlock
  2. a single thick articular capsule surrounds both the humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar joints
  3. strong ligaments reinforce the articular capsule.
27
Q

Acetabular labrum

A

A projecting rim of rubbery fibrocartilage that increases the the depth of the joint cavity and helps to seal in synovial fluid

28
Q

3 separate articulations of the knee

A

two between the femur and the tibia and one between the femur and the patella

29
Q

The menisci

A
  1. act as cushions
  2. conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces as the femur changes shape
  3. provides lateral stability