Ch 18 - Endocrine System Terminology

Question 1

aden/o

Answer 1

gland

ex. adenitis - inflammation of a gland

Question 2

adrenal/o

Answer 2

adrenal gland

ex. adrenalectomy - removal of the adrenal gland

Question 3

gonad/o

Answer 3

sex glands (ovaries and testes)

ex. gonadotropin - hormone that acts on the gonads
ex. hypogonadism - decreased functioning of the gonads

Question 4

pancreat/o

Answer 4

pancreas

ex. pancreatectomy - removal of the pancreas

Question 5

parathyroid/o

Answer 5

parathyroid gland

ex. parathyroidectomy - removal of the parathyroid gland

Question 6

pituitar/o

Answer 6

pituitary gland; hypophysis

ex. hypopituitarism - decreased secretion of the pituitary gland

Question 7

thyr/o,

thyroid/o

Answer 7

thyroid gland

ex. thyrotropic hormone - hormone that acts on the thyroid gland
ex. thyroiditis - inflammation of the thyroid gland

Question 8

andr/o

Answer 8

male

ex. androgen - hormone producing male characteristics

Question 9

calc/o,

calci/o

Answer 9

calcium

ex. hypercalcemia - condition of excessive calcium in the blood
ex. hypocalcemia - condition of low calcium in the blood
ex. hypercalcuria - condition of high levels of calcium in the urine

Question 10

cortic/o

Answer 10

cortex, outer region

ex. corticosteroid - hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 11

crin/o

Answer 11

secrete

ex. endocrinologist - specialist in the treatment of the endocrine gland disorders

Question 12

dips/o

Answer 12

thirst

ex. polydipsia - excessive thirst

Question 13

estr/o

Answer 13

female

ex. estrogenic - p. having estrogen like effects

Question 14

gluc/o

Answer 14

sugar

ex. glucagon - hormone from the pancreas that causes sugars to be released when blood sugar levels are low

Question 15

glyc/o

Answer 15

sugar

ex. hyperglycemia - condition of excessive blood sugar
ex. glycemic - p. sugar
ex. glycogen - an animal starch

Question 16

home/o

Answer 16

sameness

ex. homeostasis - maintaining equilibrium

Question 17

hormon/o

Answer 17

hormone

ex. hormonal - p. hormone

Question 18

kal/i

Answer 18

potassium

ex. hypokalemia - low levels of potassium

Question 19

lact/o

Answer 19

milk

ex. prolactin - substance that stimulates milk production

Question 20

myx/o

Answer 20

mucus

ex. myxedema - swelling of the face and tissue

Question 21

natr/o

Answer 21

sodium

ex. hyponatremia - low sodium in the blood

Question 22

phys/o

Answer 22

growing

ex. hypophysectomy - removal of the pituitary gland

Question 23

somat/o

Answer 23

body

ex. somatotropin - growth hormone

Question 24

ster/o

Answer 24

solid structure

ex. steroid - an organic compound with a ring structure

Question 25

toc/o

Answer 25

childbirth ex. oxytocin - substance that stimulates childbirth

Question 26

toxic/o

Answer 26

poison ex. thyrotoxicosis - thyroid crisis

Question 27

ur/o

Answer 27

urine ex. antidiuretic hormone - hormone that causes water to be released in the body

Question 28

-agon

Answer 28

assemble, gather together ex. glucagon - hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released when sugar levels are low

Question 29

-emia

Answer 29

blood condition ex. hypoglycemia - low levels of blood sugar

Question 30

- in, | - ine

Answer 30

substance | ex. epinephrine - substance that raises blood pressure

Question 31

-tropin

Answer 31

stimulating the function of (to turn or act on) ex. adrenocorticotropin - stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormone

Question 32

-uria

Answer 32

urine condition ex. glycosuria - condition of sugar in urine

Question 33

eu-

Answer 33

good, normal ex. euthyroid - good thyroid/normal thyroid

Question 34

hyper-

Answer 34

excessive; above ex. hyperkalemia - excessive potassium in the blood

Question 35

hypo-

Answer 35

deficient; below; under; less than normal ex. hypoinsulinism - deficient secretion of insulin/low levels of insulin

Question 36

oxy-

Answer 36

rapid, sharp, acid ex. oxytocin - substance that stimulates childbirth

Question 37

pan-

Answer 37

all ex. panhypopituitarism - deficiency of all the hormones in the pituitary gland

Question 38

poly-

Answer 38

many or increased ex. polyuria - excessive urination