Ch 2: The Biology of Mind

Question 1

Synaptic Gap

Answer 1

The gap between neurons in a neuron chain

Question 2

Neurons

(drawing)

Answer 2

Question 3

Dendrites

Answer 3

• Part of Neuron
• Pick up stimulation from outside or inside of body

Question 4

Glial Cells

Answer 4

Feed the neuron

Question 5

Resting Potential

Answer 5

(+)ions on the outside, (-)ions on the inside

Question 6

Action Potential

Answer 6

Electrical charge down the Axon to the Neurotransmitters

Question 7

Neurotransmitters

Answer 7

• 6 types
• come out of Neuron and touch the dendrite of the next neuron to stimulate it

Question 8

Myelin Sheath

Answer 8

• Protects the axon
• If gone, the electricity does’t get to the neurotransmitters
• MS - multiple sclorosis - destruction of the myelin sheath

Question 9

Refractory Period

Answer 9

(+)ions shoot out of neuron to wait to comeback in

Question 10

All or None

Answer 10

• neurons release the same amout of electricity no matter the size of the stimulus
• If there is a big stimulus, neurons release electricity more often

Question 11

Reuptake

Answer 11

neurotransmitters coming back into the neuron

Question 12

Plasticity

Answer 12

• Neurotransmitters are eaten then things are released that other neurons are attracted to
• other neuron chains take over dead neuron’s jobs

Question 13

Neural Highway

Answer 13

neuron highway to the brain

Question 14

4 Types of Neurons

1) Sensory
2) Interneurons
3) Motor
4) Reflex

Answer 14

1. Sensory - (afferent) - goes through the spinal chord
   
   • takes info to the brain
2. Interneurons - neurons in spinal chord and brain
3. Motor - (efferent) - goes to body from brain
   
   • sends info to body to react to something
4. Reflex - goes to spinal chord and straight back

Question 15

Acetylcholine

Answer 15

A Neurotransmitter

• (ACH)
• most abundant and most used
• used for Movement and memory

Question 16

Dopamine

Answer 16

A Neurotransmitter

• Attention and emotions
• too much = schizophrenia
• too little = parkinsons
• cocane blocks reuptake of Dopamine

Question 17

Serotonin

Answer 17

A Neurotransmitter

• mood and sleep
• not enough = depression

Question 18

Norepinephrine

Answer 18

A Neurotransmitter

• alertness and rousal
• not enough = depression

Question 19

Endorphines

Answer 19

A Neurotransmitter

• stop pain
• *Inhibitory*
• blocks pain messages

Question 20

GABA

Answer 20

A Neurotransmitter

• (Gammo Amino Butric Acid)
• stops eating signals to brain
• makes you think you’re full

Question 21

Lesion

Answer 21

• brain damage
• black spots on brain

Question 22

Electroencephalogram

(EEG)

Answer 22

• Measures electricity in brain
• measures the neurons firing
• checks for concussions

Question 23

Computerized Axial Tomography

(CAT Scan)

Answer 23

• series of X-Rays
• can see tissue

Question 24

Magnetic Resonance Imagry

(fMRI)

Answer 24

• Can see soft tissue
• shows path of fluid in part of body
  
  • shows if tissue is torn or not

Question 25

Positron Emmission Tomography | (PET Scan)

Answer 25

* Shows brain activity location * after drinking Radioactive Glucse in sugar water

Question 26

Brain Stem

Answer 26

* Oldest part of the brain * includes Medula, RAS, and Thalamus ![]()

Question 27

Medula

Answer 27

Sends messages to Lungs and Heart

Question 28

Reticular Activating System | (RAS)

Answer 28

* Neurons go through it * monitors neurons coming to the brain * causes you to be alert or sllepy * Alcohol numbs RAS ![]()

Question 29

Thalamus

Answer 29

Sends neurons to where they need to be ![]()

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

Controls movement and balance

Question 31

Hippocampus

Answer 31

stores new memories

Question 32

Amygdala

Answer 32

handles Aggression and Fear

Question 33

Hypothalamus

Answer 33

* Pleasure center * sex, arousal, hunger, thirst * controls the pituary gland

Question 34

Pitutary gland

Answer 34

* "The Master Gland" * controls endocrine system - hormone system

Question 35

Limbic System

Answer 35

the top of the brain

Question 36

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 36

Surface of brain - Wrinkled Surface

Question 37

Frontal Lobe

Answer 37

Personality, appropriate emotions

Question 38

Phineas Gage

Answer 38

* (1848) * metal spike goes through forntal lobe * went from very nice to very mean * completely changed his personality

Question 39

Parietal Lobe

Answer 39

math and logic

Question 40

Temporal Lobe

Answer 40

* controls ears * ears are processed in both sides of the brain at the same time

Question 41

Occipital Lobe

Answer 41

Vision

Question 42

Motor Cortex Strip

Answer 42

* For touching * In the Frontal Lobe * movement

Question 43

Sensory Cortex Strip

Answer 43

* Touching * sensations * in the Prietal Lobe

Question 44

Left vs Right Hemisphere

Answer 44

Left * Abstract Throught * Language * Speech * Numbers and Math Right * Creativity * Imagination * Passion * Music and Art

Question 45

Broca's Area

Answer 45

Pronounce words Expressive Speach

Question 46

Wernicke's Area

Answer 46

understand other's words

Question 47

Angslar Gyros

Answer 47

Read written words out loud

Question 48

Central Nervous System

Answer 48

Nerves in Brain & Spinal Chord

Question 49

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 49

1. _Somatic_ - Goingout from spinal chord to muscles 2. _Autonomic_ - sends messages to organs 1. _Sympathetic_ - fight or flight 2. _Parasympathetic_ - rest or calming

Question 50

Phantom Limb System

Answer 50

You recieve sensations from a lost limb