Ch 7: Learning Flashcards Preview

Psychology > Ch 7: Learning > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch 7: Learning Deck (29)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Classical Conditioning

A
  • Learning by association
  • Pavlov’s Dog
  • John B. Watson + Little Albert
  • UCS(natural stimulus) -> UCR
  • UCS + CS -> UCR
    • CS(not natural stimulus) -> CR
2
Q

Acquisition

A

in Classical Conditioning, the 1st time a CS causes a CR

3
Q

Generalization

A

mix up 2 different (CS)s

e.g. Pavlov’s dog salavates when it hears the keys instead of the bell

4
Q

Discrimination

A

only react with only one CS

Subject knows the exact CS

5
Q

Extinction

A

CS does not produce CR anymore

6
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

after extenction, subject produces the CR to see what happnes

7
Q

John B. Watson

A

Little Albert experiment

Behaviorist

8
Q

Types of Classical Conditioning - (4)

  1. trace
  2. simultaneous
  3. *delayed
  4. backward
A
  1. Trace - CS before + turn off
  2. Simultaneous - turn off CS during
  3. Delayed - keep CS on during
  4. Backward​ - turn CS on after
9
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

associate happy things with bad things - removes fear of bad thing

10
Q

Operant Conditioning

A
  • learning by consequence
  • Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner
11
Q

Law of Effect - Edward Thorndike

A

rewarded bejavior is likely to return

rewards make people repeat behaviors

12
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

studied Operant Conditioning and created the Skinner Box

13
Q

Reinforcers - (2)

A
  1. Primary/Secondary
    1. Primary - satisfying in themselves
      1. can use the reinforcer at that moment
      2. e.g. food
    2. Secondary​ - no immediate value
      1. e.g. money
  2. Positive/Negative
    1. Positive - increase behavior by presenting something after a response
    2. Negative - not a punishment
      1. increase behavior by removing something bad that is already there
        1. e.g. wearing your seatbelt to stop annoying beep
14
Q

Skinner Box

A

teaches animals by shaping/Successive Approximations - a step by step process

uses Operant Conditioning

15
Q

Ratio Schedules

A

you must do the correct thing to get the reinforcer

16
Q

Fixed Ratio

A

reinforcer is given after a certain amount is done

behavior - 4 : reinforcer - 1

e.g. working on a salary

17
Q

Variable Ratio

A

you know it works, but number of reinforcers are random

e.g. gambling

18
Q

Interval Schedules

A

time based reinforcement schedules

19
Q

Fixed Interval Schedule

A

follows the clock

a reinforcement schedule

20
Q

Variable Interval Schedule

A

random time intervals

a reinforcement schedule

21
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

doing something for a reward

do it to get something

22
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

do something just because you want to do it - no reward

23
Q

Overjustification Effect

A

giving rewards to someone for something they like doing

causes Intrinsic Motivation to die

24
Q

Observational Learning

*Albert Bandura

A

learning by observing others

Bobo doll experiment

“Monkey see Monkey do”

25
Q

Social Learning Theory

A

learn social behavior by observing others

26
Q

Latent vs Insight Learning

A
  • Latent - hidden learning - learning without realizing
  • Insight​ - occurs in a flash - learn in a single instant
27
Q

Associative Learning

A

learning that certain events occur together

28
Q

Respondent Behavior

A

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

29
Q

Cognitive Map

A

a mental representation of the layout of one’s environment