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Bio 223 > Ch 4 Epithelial Tissue, Glands, Cell connections > Flashcards

Ch 4 Epithelial Tissue, Glands, Cell connections Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue & 4 types

A

Collections of specialized cells and the extracellular substances surrounding them

-Epithelial

-Connective

- Muscle

-Nervous

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2
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Non cellular substances surrounding the cells

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3
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic study of tissues

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4
Q

Biopsy

A

Process of removing tissues from patients surgically or with a needle for dianostic purposes

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5
Q

Autopsy

A

a postmordem examination of the organs to determine cause of death or to study the changes caused by disease

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6
Q

What are the 3 Embryonic germ layers

A

Endoderm, Mesoderm and ectoderm

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7
Q

Endoderm

A

A embryonic germ layer - inner layer that forms the lining of digestive tract

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8
Q

Mesoderm

A

A embryonic germ layer - middle layer that forms tissues such as muscle, bone and blood vessels

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9
Q

Ectoderm

A

A embryonic germ layer - outer layer that forms the skin

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10
Q

Neuroectoderm

A

A portion of the ectoderm – becomes the nervous system.

*Neural crest cells break away from neuroectoderm during development give rise to parts of peropheral nerves, skin pigment,etc

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11
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A
  1. Mostly composed of cells
  2. Covers body surfaces - Exterior, lining of digestive/respiratory tracts, the heart, blood vessles and body cavities
  3. Distinct Tissue surfaces - Most have apical surface
  4. Cell and Matrix connections - specialized cell contacts bind adjacet cells together
  5. Nonvascular
  6. Regeneration - Fast mitosis
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12
Q

What are the functions / purpose of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Barrier- Reduces water loss
  3. Filter - allowing some subtances through and not others
  4. Absorption & Secretion
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13
Q

Simple squamous Epithelium

A

Flat - squashed cells

Single layer

Diffusion/Filtration/some secretion/some protection

Lining of blood vessels and the heart, Alveoli of lungs

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14
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Cube shaped

Single Layer

Secreation/Absorption & movement of particles

Kidney tubules

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15
Q

Simple columnar Epithelium

A

Column shaped, taller than wide

Single layer

Movement of particles, Secretion/Absorption

Lining of stomach and intestines

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16
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Flat, scaley

Multiple layers

Protection/barrier - water loss prevention

Epidermis/mouth

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17
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Some appear columnar

Appear to have multple layers but all touch basement membrane

Synthesize and secrete mucous on to the free surface, move muscous

Trachea, lining of nasal cavity

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18
Q

Transitional Eptihelium

A

Appear cube or rounded cubed

Multple layers

Accomadte flucuations in the volume of fluid in organs

Urinary Bladder

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19
Q

What is the difference between Keratinized and non-keratinized?

A

Keratinized consists of living cells only in the deepest layers while dead layers are on top

Non-keratinized (moist) consists of living cells in both deep and superficial layers

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20
Q

Goblet cells

A

Responsible for synthizing and secreting mucous

21
Q

What are the 6 types of cell connections

A
  • Desmosomes
  • Hemidesmosomes
  • Tight junctions
  • Adhesion belt
  • Gap junction
  • Intercalated discs
22
Q

Desmosomes

A

Consists of adhesive glycoprotiens that bind cells together and extend to cytoplasm

Holds neighboring cells together

*Found in areas of stress - Skin

23
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Similar to one half a desmosome

Attached epithelial cells to basement membrane

24
Q

Tight Junction

A

Holds cells together and forms a permeability barrier so substances cannot seep through

Found near apical layer

Binds adjcent cells together to prevent passage of materials between cells

25
Q

Adhesion belt

A

Found just below the tight junction

Located between plasma membrane of adjacent cells and acts as a weak glue

26
Q

Gap Junction

A

A small specialized contact region between cells containing protien channels that aid in intracellular communication

Allows small water soluable molecules pass BETWEEN cells

27
Q

Intercalated disc’s

A

Specialized Gap Junctions in the heart between cardiac muscles

*Contain both desmosomes and gap junction

28
Q

Glands

A

Secretory organs

Composed primarily of epithelium with a supporting network of connective tissue

29
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Glands with ducts

*Maintains an open contact with epithelium tissue

30
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

no ducts

Become seperated from epithelium

*Adrenal glands, Thyroid glands

31
Q

Hormones

A

Cellular products of endocrine glands

Secreted into bloodstream and carried throughout the body

32
Q

Multicellular glands

A

Composed of my cells

*Most exocrine cells

Classified by their structure of their ducts and secretory regions

33
Q

Unicellular glands

A

Composed of a single cell

*Goblet cells

34
Q

Simple glands

A

have a single, non branched duct

35
Q

Compound glands

A

Multiple branched ducts

36
Q

What are the 2 shapes of secretory regions in glands?

A

Tubular

Acinar/Alveolar

Also a combination of the 2 are : Tubuloacinar or Tubuloalveolar

37
Q
A
38
Q

What are the 3 types of secretion from a gland?

A

Merocrine secretion

Apocrine secretion

Holocrine secretion

39
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

Most common type

The release of secretoru products by exocytosis

40
Q

Apocrine Secretion

A

release of secretory products as pinches off fragments of hte gland cells

41
Q

Holocrine Secretion

A

Shedding of entire cell

42
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Simple tubular

43
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Simple coiled tubular

44
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Simple branched tubular

45
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Simple acinar

46
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Simple branched acinar

47
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Compound tubular

48
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Compound acinar

49
Q

What is the name of this Gland?

A

Compound tubuloacinar

Bio 223 (37 decks)

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