Ch. 4 Muscle tissue, Nervous Tissue, Tissue membranes, Tissue repair

Question 1

Muscle Tissue

Answer 1

Main characteristic is it contracts or shortens, responsible for movement

3 types are Skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Question 2

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 2

• Attaches to skeleton and enables body to move
• Under voluntary control - person can make it move
• Long cynlindrical cells, containing many nuclei
• Striated

Question 3

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 3

Muscle of the heart - responsible for pumping blood

Involuntary control

Cylindrical but much shorter than skeletal

Striated but usually only one nucleus per cell

Connected by intercalated disks

Question 4

Smooth Muscle

Answer 4

Forms the walls of hollow organs also found in skin and eyes

Moving food through digestive tract & emptying bladder

Involuntary control

No striation and single nucleui

Question 5

Nervous Tissue

Answer 5

Found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Ability to conduct electrical signals called Action Potentials

Consists of neurons and glia

Question 6

Neurons

Answer 6

conducting cells of nervous tissue

Transports electrical signals through out the body

Composed of 3 parts: cell body, dendrite and axon

Question 7

Cell body

Answer 7

Contains nucleus and is the site of general cell functions

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Recieve action potentials

Have multiple branches at their ends

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

conducts action potentials away from cell body

Can be longer than dendrites and have a constant diameter along their entire length

Question 10

Multipolar neurons

Answer 10

Have multiple dendrites and a single axon

Question 11

Bipolar neurons

Answer 11

Single dendrite and an axon

Question 12

Pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 12

One single short process that extends from teh cell body then divides into 2 branches

Conducts action potentials away from the periphery to the brain or spinal cord

In ganglia outside of brain and spinal cord

Question 13

Glia

Answer 13

Support cells of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Nourish, protect and insulate neurons

Question 14

What are the 4 tissue membranes of the body?

Answer 14

External - Skin aka Cutaneous membran

Internal - Mucous. Serous, Synovial

Question 15

Mucous Membrane

Answer 15

Lines cavities and canals that open to outside body

Consist of epithelial tissue, basement membrane and layer of loose connective tissue called Lamina propria

Functions: Protection, absorption and secretion

Question 16

Serous Membrane

Answer 16

Lines cavities that do not open to exterior body. Protect interior organs from friction and hold them in place

Consist of Simple squamous epithelium called Mesothelium, basement membrane and loose connective tissue

Question 17

Synovial membrane

Answer 17

Line freely moveable joints

Made up of only connective tissue

Question 18

Inflammation

Answer 18

the response that occurs when tissues are damaged.

A defense mechanism that mobilized bodys immune cells to isolate and destroy damaged cells, injurous agents

have major manifestations: Redness, heat, swelling, pain and disturbed function

Question 19

Tissue repair

Answer 19

Substitution of viable cells for dead cells by regeneration or replacement

Question 20

Labile cells

Answer 20

Divide throughout life

Steady turnover of new cells replacing old cells

Question 21

Stable cells

Answer 21

Can divide and regenerate in response to injury

Question 22

Permanent cells

Answer 22

are not able to replicate and if die are replaced by another cell