Lab 2

Question 1

Extra cellular matrix

Answer 1

The non-cellular component present within all tissues and organs

Could be fluid, gelatinous, semi-solid or solid

Question 2

Collagen fibers

Answer 2

is the fiber in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues

characterized by being elongated and made up of collagen glycoproteins.

It is typically arranged in branching bundles of indefinite length. It is a strong insoluble fiber.

It occurs in the skin, tendon, ligaments, bone, and cartilage

Question 3

What are the 3 types of fibers in connective tissue?

Answer 3

Collagen, reticular, elastic

Question 4

Elastic fibers

Answer 4

an essential component of the extracellular matrix

composed of bundles of proteins (elastin)

able to stretch many times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed without loss of energy.

Found in the skin, lungs, arteries, veins, connective tissue proper, elastic cartilage,

Question 5

Reticular fibers

Answer 5

A type of connective tissue fiber that is made up of type III collagen secreted by reticular cells

looks like a net mesh network with other similar fibers to serve as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver and bone marrow

Question 6

What are some common cells found in connective tissue?

Answer 6

Mesenchymal cells - self-renew by dividing and can differentiate into multiple tissues

Fibroblasts - secrete collagen proteins that are used to maintain a structural framework

Mast cells - white blood cell that is found in connective tissues & contributes to homeostasis in the immune system

Macrophages - type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells.

White blood cells - are part of the body’s immune system.

Question 7

Fibroblasts

Answer 7

A cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen,produces the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues,

Plays a critical role in wound healing.

Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in animals.

Question 8

Areolar connective tissue

What tissue group?

What directions do the fibers run?

Cells/Fibers?

Function?

Found?

Answer 8

Tissue: Loose connective tissue

Direction: Running in all directions

Cells: Fibroblast, mast, macrophages, white blood cells

Fibers: Reticular, elastic, collagen

Function: Provides cushioning to many organs and tissues of the body.

Found: It can be found in the skin as well as in places that connect epithelium to other tissues

Question 9

Stroma

Answer 9

The supportive framework of an organ, gland or other structure, usually composed of connective tissue

Question 10

Chondrocytes

Answer 10

Cartilage cells

The only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans.

Question 11

Lacunae

Answer 11

Isolated spaces that hold cells.

Question 12

Osteons

Answer 12

is the fundamental functional unit of much compact bone. Have

roughly cylindrical structures

Question 13

Central canal aka Haversian canal

Answer 13

through which blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves can travel to service and signal the cells throughout the compact bone. .

Question 14

Osteocytes

Answer 14

Osteocytes are the longest living bone cell and Reside within the lacuna

Question 15

What are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 15

Erythrocytes- red blood cells
Leukocytes- white blood cells
Platelets

Question 16

What are the 3 basic parts of a neuron?

Answer 16

Cell body aka perikaryon
Axons
Dendrites

Question 17

Cell body or perikaryon

Answer 17

the cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus.

Question 18

Epidermis

Answer 18

Outer thinner layer comprised of stratified squamous epithelium

Question 19

Dermis

Answer 19

The inner thicker connective tissue layer

Question 20

Subcutaneous aka hypodermis

Answer 20

Deep into the dermis

Consists of adipose and areolar connective tissues

Question 21

Adipose connective tissue

What tissue group?

What directions do the fibers run?

Cells/Fibers?

Function?

Found?

Answer 21

Tissue: Loose connective tissue

Direction:

Cells: composed of fat cells known as adipocytes.

Fibers: Thin extracellular matrix consisting of reticular fibers

Function: Energy storing, hormone production, thermal isolation

Found: Hypodermis, surrounding the kidneys, eyeballs and yellow bone marrow

Question 23

Reticular connective tissue

What tissue group?

What directions do the fibers run?

Cells/Fibers?

Function?

Found?

Answer 23

Tissue: Loose connective tissue

Direction: branched and mesh-like pattern

Cells: Fibroblasts called reticular cells

Fibers: Reticular fibers

Function: to form a stroma and provide structural support

Found: found in the Liver, kidney, the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

Question 24

Dense regular connective tissue

What tissue group?

What directions do the fibers run?

Cells/Fibers?

Function?

Found?

Answer 24

Tissue: Dense connective tissue

Direction: the collagen fibres are densely packed, and arranged in parallel

Cells: Fibroblasts

Fibers: Collagen fibers

Function: to transmit forces over a distance and to connect different organs/muscles

Found: Tendons and aponeuroses, most ligaments

Question 25

**Dense irregular connective tissue** What tissue group? What directions do the fibers run? Cells/Fibers? Function? Found?

Answer 25

**_Tissue:_** Dense connective tissue **_Direction:_** fibers that are not arranged in parallel bundles **_Cells:_** Fibroblast **_Fibers:_** Collagen **_Function:_** provides strength, making the skin resistant to tearing by stretching forces from different directions **_Found:_** Organ capsules, dermis, perichondrium

Question 26

**Hyaline Cartilage** What tissue group? What directions do the fibers run? Cells/Fibers? Function? Found?

Answer 26

**_Tissue:_** Cartilage **_Direction:_** Eyeballs in Jello - clear **_Cells:_** chondroblasts in Lacunae **_Fibers:_** collagen fibers **_Function:_** assists the motion of joints **_Found:_** At the ends of bones, larynx, trachea and fetal skeleton

Question 27

**Fibrocartilage** What tissue group? What directions do the fibers run? Cells/Fibers? Function? Found?

Answer 27

**_Tissue:_** Cartilage **_Direction:_** Crowded lazy river, alot going on **_Cells:_** Chondrocytes in lacunae **_Fibers:_** Collagen **_Function:_** provides the tough material of the intervertebral discs **_Found:_** Cartilage pads in knee, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Question 28

**Dense bone** What tissue group? What directions do the fibers run? Cells/Fibers? Function? Found?

Answer 28

**_Tissue:_** Bone / connective tissue **_Direction:_** Osteons that look like circles **_Cells:_** Osteocytes in lacunae - Center is central canal **_Fibers:_** Collagen **_Function:_** the main structure in the body for support, protection, and movement **_Found:_** Comprises the bones in skeleton

Question 29

**Blood** What tissue group? What directions do the fibers run? Cells/Fibers? Function? Found?

Answer 29

**_Tissue:_** Blood **_Direction:_** Fluid matrix **_Cells:_** Erythrocytes (red blood cells, Leukocytes (white blood cells) platelets **_Fibers:_** no fibers / fluid plasma matrix **_Function:_** bringing the needed oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other signaling molecules, and removing the wastes **_Found:_** Within blood vessels, within chambers of heart

Question 30

**_Nervous tissue_** What tissue group? What directions do the fibers run? Cells/Fibers? Function? Found?

Answer 30

**_Tissue:_** Nervous tissue **_Direction:_** **_Cells:_** neurons and glial cells **_Fibers:_** Axon & Dendrites **_Function:_** responsible for the sensory, integrative, and motor functions of the nervous system **_Found:_** Nervous system

Question 31

Erythrocytes

Answer 31

Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. Then they make the return trip, taking carbon dioxide back to our lungs to be exhaled.

Question 32

Leukocytes

Answer 32

White blood cells part of the body's immune system

Question 33

Platelets

Answer 33

small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding

Question 34

Axon

Answer 34

that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Question 35

Dendrite

Answer 35

where a neuron receives input from other cells

Question 36

Name the Tissue

Answer 36

Areolar Connective Tissue

Question 37

Name the tissue

Answer 37

Adipose connective tissue

Question 38

Name the tissue

Answer 38

Reticular connective Tissue

Question 39

Name the tissue

Answer 39

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 40

Name the tissue

Answer 40

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 41

Name the fiber

Answer 41

Collagen fiber

Question 42

Name the fiber

Answer 42

Elastic fibers

Question 43

Name the fiber

Answer 43

Reticular fibers

Question 44

Name the cell

Answer 44

Fibroblasts

Question 45

Name the tissue

Answer 45

Hyaline cartilage

Question 46

Name the cell

Answer 46

Chondrocytes

Question 47

Name the structure

Answer 47

Lacunae

Question 48

Name the tissue

Answer 48

Fibrocartilage

Question 49

Name the cell

Answer 49

Chondrocytes

Question 50

Name the structure

Answer 50

Lacunae

Question 51

Name the tissue

Answer 51

Dense bone

Question 52

Name the structure

Answer 52

Central canal aka Haversian canal

Question 53

Name the cell

Answer 53

Osteocytes

Question 54

Name the structure

Answer 54

Osteons

Question 55

Name the tissue

Answer 55

Blood

Question 56

Name the cell

Answer 56

Erythrocytes Red blood cell

Question 57

Name the cell

Answer 57

Leukocytes White blood cell

Question 58

Name the cell

Answer 58

Platelets

Question 59

Name the tissue

Answer 59

Nervous tissue

Question 60

Name the structure

Answer 60

Cell body Perikaryon

Question 61

Name the structure

Answer 61

Dendrites

Question 62

Name the structure

Answer 62

Axon