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Bio 223 > Ch 6.1 > Flashcards

Ch 6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphysis

A

Center portion of bone. Composed primarily of compact bone with a hollow center

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2
Q

Medullary cavity

A

The hollow center of the Diaphysis. Some spongy bone lines the medullary cavity.

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3
Q

Epiphyses

A

Ends of long bone. Mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone

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4
Q

Sinuses

A

within some flat and irregular bones of skull, air fill spaced lined by mucous membranes

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5
Q

Centers of ossification

A

locations in membrane where ossification begin. These centers expand to form bone by gradually ossifying the membrane. Centers have oldest bone and expanding edges have newest bone

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6
Q

Fontanels

A

Aka soft spots, have more membrane and have not yet been ossified.

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7
Q

Cartilage model

A

Hyaline cartilage from which bone will be formed

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8
Q

Bone collar

A

Compact bone, produced by Osteoblasts, on the surface of the cartilage model

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9
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Aka Enlarge

increase or growth of cells

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10
Q

Calcified cartilage

A

When hydroxyapatite is made in the cartilage

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11
Q

Primary ossification center

A

First area of bone to start ossifying

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12
Q

Secondary ossification center

A

are created in the epiphyses (ends of bones)

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13
Q

Endosteum

A

A membrane lining the inner surface of the bony wall

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14
Q

Vitamin D

A

Necessary for normal absorption of calcium from intestines.

Body can ingest or synthesis vit D

Rate of synthesis increases when exposed to sunlight

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15
Q

Rickets

A

Disease in children with insufficient vit D. Creates bowed bones and inflamed joints

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16
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Aka adult rickets

A softening of bone tissues due to calcium depletion

17
Q

Vitamin C

A

Necessary for Osteoblasts to synthesize collagen

18
Q

Scurvy

A

Vit C deficiency marked by ulceration and hemorrhage in any area of body

19
Q

Growth horomone

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary, increases general tissue growth, overall bone growth

20
Q

Thyroid hormones’

A

Also required for normal growth of all tissues. Decrease in hormones’ can result in smaller individuals

21
Q

Reproductive hormones

A

Also regulate bone growth, cause ossification at epiphyseal plates

22
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Osteoclast remove old bone and Osteoblast deposit new bone

Converts woven bone into lamellar bone

23
Q

Basic multicellular unit BMU

A

temporary assembly of osteoclasts and osteoblasts that travel through or across bone, these cells remove old bone matrix and replace with new bone matrix

24
Q

Hemotoma

A

a localized mass of blood released from blood vessels but confined within an organ or space.

25
Q

Callus

A

mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site

26
Q

External callus

A

Encircles the break and connects the broken ends of the bone

27
Q

Internal callus

A

forms between the ends of the broken bone, as well in marrow cavity if fracture occurs in diaphysis

28
Q

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)

A

cell to cell communication molecule

29
Q

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK)

A

receptor, expressed in the plasma membrane of both undifferentiated and differentiated osteoclasts

30
Q

Osteoprotegerin

A

regulatory molecule, prevents osteoclast differentiation by preventing RANKL binding to RANK

31
Q

Open fracture

A

End of fractured bone protrudes through open wound

32
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Ends of fractured bone move so they are no longer aligned

33
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Helical fracture from twisting bone

34
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Results in at least 3 bone fragments, occurs in patients with weakened bodies or severe accidents.
Often requires a surgically placed pin

35
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Fracture with break on one side and bend on other side.

Typical in younger children due to larger amounts of collagen

Bio 223 (37 decks)

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