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Bio 223 > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

Define anatomy

A

Study that investigates the bodies structures Greek root - to cut apart

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

Study that investigates the bodies processes and functions

* Serves to be able to predict the bodies responses to different stimuli

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3
Q

What are the areas of specialization for anatomy?

A

GROSS ANATOMY - study of larger structures of body without the use of a microscope MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY - study of smaller structures of the body with a use of a microscope (cytology- study of cells and histology- study of tissues)

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4
Q

What are the 2 general approaches to study anatomy?

A

REGIONAL ANATOMY- interrelationships of all structures with in a region SYSTEMIC ANATOMY- group of structures that work together to perform a unique body function

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5
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things

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6
Q

What are the levels of organization in the human body?

A

Chemical level - Atoms form molucules Cellular level - Molcules form organelles and form cells Tissues level - Similar Cells make up tissues Organ level- Different tissues make up organs Organ system level - Different organs make up an organ system Organism - Different organ systems make up an organism

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7
Q

Integumentary System

A
  • Encloses internal structures / provides protection
  • Regulates temp
  • prevents water loss
  • helps produce vit D
  • Site of many sensory receptors

*Hair and skin

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8
Q

Skeletal System

A

-Supports the body -Enables movement (w/ muscular system) *Skull, ribs, pelvis

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9
Q

Muscular System

A
  • Enables movement (w/ Skeletal system)
  • Helps maintain body temperature

**Bicep brachii, rectus abdominis

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10
Q

Nervous System

A
  • Detects and processes sensory information
  • Activates bodys responses

**Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A
  • Secrets hormones
  • Regulates bodys processes

**Pancreas, ovaries, thyroid

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12
Q

Cardiovascular System

A
  • Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
  • Transports nutrients, waste, gases and horomones
  • immune response and body temp regulation

**Heart, carotid artery

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13
Q

Lympathic System

A
  • Removes foreign substances from blood, combats disease and absorbs dietary fats

**Spleen, Tonsils

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14
Q

Respiratory System

A

-Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulates blood ph

**Lungs, nose

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15
Q

Digestive system

A

–Performs digestion, absorption of nutrients and elmination of waste

**Large and smalle intestine, stomach, liver

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16
Q

Urinary System

A
  • Removes waste products and regulates blood pH
  • Kidneys, urinary bladder
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17
Q

Reproductive System

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A

-Produces hormones and gamets

**Ovaries, uterus, testes

18
Q

What are the 6 functions/characteristics to human life?

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A

1. Organization - conditions in which there are specific relationships and functions

2. Metabolism (Anabolism - Smaller to larger & Catabolism - Larger broken down to smaller) - all chemical reactions of the body

3. Responsiveness - ability to sense changes and adjust

4. Movement/Growth - increase in size and number of cells

5. Develoment (differientation - unspecialized cells become specialized) changes in organism over time

6. Reproduction - make new cells and organisms

19
Q

Set point

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A

A value around which a normal range flucuates

20
Q

Negative feedback

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A

a mechanism that reverses a deviation from a set point.

Sensor/Receptor - monitors a value

Control center - compares value to normal range

Effector - causes change to reverse situation and bring back to normal range

21
Q

Positive feedback

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A

Intensifies a change in bodys condition rather than reversing it

**Birth and contractions

22
Q

Anatomical position

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A

Standing erect with feet at shoulder width and upper limbs held out to each side with palms facing forward

23
Q
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A

Face down – laying on stomach

24
Q
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A

face up orinetation - laying on back

25
What are the 10 directional terms when talking about a human body?
1. Anterior / ventral - Front of body 2. Posterial / Dorsal - back of body 3. Superior / cranial - higher position,near head 4. Inferior / caudal - lower position, near tail 5. lateral - to the side 6. Medial - middle 7. Proximal - position in limb that is nearest to attchement of body 8. Distal - position in limb that is farthest to attchement of body 9. Superficial - closest to surface of body 10 - Deep - position father from surface of body, internal
26
What is a section of the body?
2d surface of a 3d structure thats been cut
27
What is a plane?
imaginary 2d surface that passes through the body
28
What are the 3 planes commonly reffered to of the body?
1. Sagittal plane - divides vertically into right and left sides 2. Frontal plane - divides body or organ into front and rear 3. Transverse plane - divides body/organ into upper and lower portions
29
What are the 2 types of internal body cavities?
Dorsal (posterior) Cavity & Ventral (anterior) cavity
30
What are the 2 subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?
Cranial cavity - Which houses the brain Vertebral canal - which houses the spinal cord
31
What are the 2 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?
**_Thoracic cavity_** - is broken down into -- **_2 lateral Pleural cavities_** each of which houses a lung and are surrounded by ribs && **_a medial Mediastinum_** which houses heart and major blood vessels, in addition to the thymus, the trachea nd esophagus. **_Abdominopelvic cavity -_** consists of the more superior abdominal cavity which houses stomach, intestines, liver and spleen and (2) inferior pelvic cavity which houses urinary bladder, urethra, rectum of large intestine and reproductive organs. The organs are housed within the PERITONEAL cavity.
32
What are the 2 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity? SHORT VERSION
Thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity
33
What are the sections of the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavities & mediastinum
34
What are the sections of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity Organs are housed in the peritoneal cavity
35
What are serous membranes?
Double layered membranes that secrete a watery fluid for lubrication and reduce friction found on the walls of body cavities and surface of internal organs Outside is **_parietal serous membranes_** and inside is called **_visceral serous membranes_**
36
What are the thoracic cavity membranes?
**_Pericardial cavity_** (peri - around, cardi- heart) parietal pericardium & visceral pericardium. Filled with pericardial fluid. **_Pleural cavities_** - ( pleuron - side of body,) parietal pluera & visceral pleura filled with pleura fluid. **_Peritoneal cavity_** - parietal pertioneum & visceral peritoneum. Filled with peritoneal fluid. Double folded visceral peritoneum is called **_mesenteries._**
37
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
**Right hypochondriac region - epigastric region - Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region - Umbilical region - left lumbar region** **Right iliad region - hypogastric region - left iliad region**
38
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?
**right - upper quadrant - left upper quadrant** **right lower quadrant - left lower quadrant**
39
How can we study anatomy?
By looking at structure. Microscopes, Xrays, CT scans, MRI, ultrasound, & PET scans
40
What are the different branches of study of anatomy? (6 branches)
**_Developmental anatomy_** - conception to adulthood **_Embrology_** - conception to 8 weeks in uterus **_Cytology_** - structural feature of cells **_Histology_** - examines tissues **_Gross anatomy_** - structures visualized without a microscope
41
What are the different branches of study of physiology? (6 branches)
**_Cell physiology_** - how cells function and their processes **_Systemic physiology_** - the whole organ system and its processes **_Neurophysiology_** - nervous system **_Cardiovascular physology_** - heart and blood vessels **_Pathology_** - study of disease **_Excersice physiology_** - focuses on changes during excercise

Bio 223 (37 decks)

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