Ch.14 Flashcards by Davis George

Factors in the US for the Industrial Age

Wealth and Natural Resources
Government Support of Business
Growing Urban Population
Cheap Labor
Market for New Products

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Used a steam engine to drill for oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania

Edwin Drake

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British inventor that came up with a new way to make steel

Henry Bessemmer

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American who discovered a way to produce higher quality steel in a less expensive manner

William Kelly

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Began building the Brooklyn Bridge

John Roebling

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Why was william jenny able to build skyscrapers

the use of steel beams allowed great structural integrate and support

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Created the first research labratory

Thomas Edison

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Invented the air brake

George Westinghouse

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invented the type writer

christopher sholes

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invented the adding machine

William buroughs

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Tellaphone and xray machone

Alexander Graham Bell

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the golden spike was driven in the ground here to mark completetions of first continental railrods

Promontory Point, Utah

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created the 24 time zones around the world

C.F Dowd

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4 time zones

Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific

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Built luxury train cars and built his own factory town for his workers

George Pullman

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Interstate Commerce Act 1887

1886 the supreme court ruled that a state could not set rates on interstate commerce

this act reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities
also established the interstate commerce commissions-5 members- to supervise them
ICC had difficulty regulating RR rates
It gained power in 1906 under President Theodore Roosevelt

buy out suppliers

vertical Integreation

Buy out competing steel companies

Horizontal Integration

origin of specie

written by charles darwin

explained the process of “natural selection
weeded the less-suited individuals and those able to best adapt survived

Applied the theory of evolution to human society

Herbert Spencer

Purchased Andrew Carnegies steel mill

J.P Morgan

helped found the university of chicago (philanthropists)

John D. Rockefellar

John D. rockefellar

built the standard oil company
he controlled 90% of the oil refining business
Drove his competitors out of business by undercutting their price and then raising the price beyond the original level
paid his employees very low wages

Rockefellar FOundation

gave away over 500 mil
university of chicago
medical institutes- helped find cure for yellow fever

built his fortune in the steamboat and railroad industries

Cornelius Vanderbilt

"rags to riches" novel

Horatio Alger

The gospel of wealth

written by andrew Carnegie - it is the duty of the wealthy to use their riches to advance social progress - great riches brings great power, but also great responsibility - Horatio Alger "rags to riches" novel - said to stride and succeed

who founded libraries

Andrew Carnegie

Organized the Noble order of the knights of labor

Uriah Stephens

cigar maker

samuel gompers

Collective barganing

negotiating between representatives of labor and management to reach a written agreement

attempted to form an industrial union- included unskilled RR workers

eugene v debs

an economic and political based on government controls of business and property and equal distribution of wealth

socialism

the haymarket riot

May 4, 1886 in Chicago Workers met to protest the killing of a worker and the wounding of several others at the McCormick Plant 3,000 people gathered to protest the police brutality About 10:00pm they began to break up and someones tossed a bomb into the police line Police opened fire on the workers 7 police and 3 workers died 8 people were convicted for inciting the riot and 4 were hanged and one committed suicide in prison The public opinion began to turn against unions and the labor movement, because of the violence

The Homestead steel mill strike

Carnegie's plant in Pennsylvania Called a strike on June 28, 1892 after Homestead's president Henry Clay Frick, announced that he planned to cut wages He hired Pinkerton Detectives to protect the plant He hired strikebreakers-scabs The detectives came down the river by barge and the strikers fought them as they tried to exit the barge Pennsylvania National Guard was called out and the strike lasted until November The strikers eventually lost It would be 45 years before steel workers struck again

Pullman Strike

Spring of 1894 After the Panic of 1893 Pullman laid off over 1/2 of his work force and cut the wages of the remaining workers He did not reduce their rent in the company town The American railroad Union led by Eugene V. Debs boycotted Pullman trains It paralyzed the railroads Strikebreakers were hired President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops Debs was jailed Strikers were fired and blacklisted