chap 11

Question 1

Freud’s Theory (Levels of the Mind – Iceberg Model 3 Levels): _______ - current thoughts (top level)

Answer 1

conscious

Question 2

Freud’s Theory (Levels of the Mind – Iceberg Model 3 Levels): ________-presently unconscious but can be readily brought to mind

Answer 2

preconscious

Question 3

Freud’s Theory (Levels of the Mind – Iceberg Model 3 Levels): _______– thoughts, desires, and impulses of which we are unaware

Answer 3

unconscious

Question 4

Personality Structure (3 Parts): _____-concerned with immediate gratification of primitive instinctual needs (such as hunger, thirst, sex, and aggression) Operates on the pleasure principle

Answer 4

id

Question 5

Personality Structure (3 Parts): _______- develops as an infant learns to cope with the real world; takes into account the real world and mediates between the id and superego

Answer 5

ego

Question 6

Personality Structure (3 Parts): _______-conscience; concerned with morality and feel ashamed/guilty

Answer 6

superego

Question 7

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): _______- banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings from consciousness

Answer 7

repression

Question 8

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): _______- retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development

Answer 8

regression

Question 9

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): _______ _____- the ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites

Answer 9

reaction formation

Question 10

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): ______- attributing threatening impulses to others

Answer 10

projection

Question 11

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): ______- unconsciously generating self-justifying explanations; hiding from ourselves the real reason(s) for our actions

Answer 11

rationalization

Question 12

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): ______-diverting sexual or aggressive impulses towards a more acceptable object

Answer 12

displacement

Question 13

Freud’s Defense Mechanisms (Distort Reality – Reduce Anxiety): ________- transforming impulses into socially valued behavior

Answer 13

sublimation

Question 14

Freud’s Stages of Development: _______(age 0-1): focuses on mouth; task is weaning

Answer 14

oral

Question 15

Freud’s Stages of Development: ______(age 1-3): focuses on anus; task is toilet training

Answer 15

anal

Question 16

Freud’s Stages of Development: ________ (age 3-6): focuses on genitals; task is oedipas complex

Answer 16

phallic

Question 17

Freud’s Stages of Development: ______(age 6-12): no focus; task is social contacts

Answer 17

latancy

Question 18

_______ (age 13 and up): focuses on genitals; task is establishing relationships

Answer 18

genital

Question 19

Freud’s Fixations: _____ _____: leads to excessive talking, smoking, eating, and drinking

Answer 19

oral fixation

Question 20

Freud’s Fixations:
_____ _____(two types)
1)_____ _____: pleasure in withholding; compulsively neat and organized
2)______ _____: pleasure in elimination; messy and disorganized

Answer 20

anal fixations, anal retentive, anal expulsive

Question 21

______ ______: One of the first trait theorists. Believed people could be described in terms of traits.

Answer 21

gordon allport

Question 22

______: A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.

Answer 22

trait

Question 23

_______ _______: Proposed a model of personality with two major factors

Answer 23

hans eysenck

Question 24

what are hans eysencks two major personality factors: 1)_____________: A factor that distinguishes people who are social and active (extroverts) from people who are introspective and quiet (introverts). 2)____________: A factor that distinguishes people who are very neurotic / emotionally unstable from people who are emotionally stable.

Answer 24

extroversion, neuroticism

Question 25

______ ____- focus on identifying the key dimensions along which people differ. The 5 factors are: ______ ____ _____, _______, ______, ______, ______ (or emotional stability); spells O.C.E.A.N.

Answer 25

big five, Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 26

______ _____: Proposed that extraversion and neuroticism reflect two different brain systems.

Answer 26

jeffery gray

Question 27

jeffery grays extraversion and neuroticisms two different brain systems: ____ ____ ____(BAS)- the go” system. Activates approach behavior in response to the anticipation of reward. Highly reactive in extraverts. _____ ____ ____ (BIS): the “stop” system. Inhibits behavior in response to stimuli signaling punishment. Highly reactive in those high in neuroticism.

Answer 27

behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system

Question 28

______: developed “______ ______ _____”; lower needs must be met before a person can concentrate on higher needs; driven by need for self actualization, which is the need to fulfill one’s potential.

Answer 28

maslow, hierarchy of needs

Question 29

_____ _____: a school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death. According to this perspective, the difficulties we face in finding meaning in life and in accepting the responsibility of making free choices provoke a type of anxiety called angst

Answer 29

existential approach

Question 30

Focus on cognitive facts in personality – _____ _____ _______

Answer 30

rotters expectancy theory

Question 31

rotters expectancy theory: _______ _____ ______ – an expectancy about the degree of control you have over an outcome 1)____________: believe you control your own destiny 2)___________: believe external events control you

Answer 31

locus of control, internal, external

Question 32

rotters expectancy theory-locus of control: Correlated with _______ _______ is seeking information, higher academic achievement, engage in more preventative health care, and less prone to stress. Advantage of ________ _________ is that you are better adjusted (than internals) in situations where you have very little control

Answer 32

internal LOC, external LOC

Question 33

_____ ____:the desire to seek out novel and intense experiences. High or low due to differences in the nervous system. If high in sensation seeking, you’re more likely to drive fast, engage in high risk sports, and engage in substance abuse, but you may deal with stress more effectively

Answer 33

sensation seeking

Question 34

_____ _____:A person’s explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics

Answer 34

self concept

Question 35

____ ______: the extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self.

Answer 35

self esteem

Question 36

____ ____ ____: people tend to take credit for their sucesses but downplay responsibility for their failures

Answer 36

self serving bias

Question 37

________: a grandiose view of the self, combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others

Answer 37

narcissism

Question 38

_____ _____-Responses are seen as a projection of inner feelings and conflicts(ex. ink blots, TAT, MMPI)

Answer 38

projective tests

Question 39

projective tests: ____ ____ ____(TAT): ambiguous pictures that people are asked to make up stories about

Answer 39

thematic apperception test

Question 40

_____ ____ _____:when we spend more time alone we talk to ourselves.

Answer 40

social isolation hypothesis

Question 41

______ ____ _____:we talk more to ourselves when our thoughts or behaviors are not going as planned.

Answer 41

cognitive disruption hypothesis