chap 13 Flashcards
_____ _____: focused on understanding how psychological factors (such as stress) affect health and illness, and how to help people stay healthy
health psychology
_________: our response to events that disrupt or threaten to disrupt our physical or psychological functioning
stress
Stressors:
1)______ ______(natural disasters, terrorist attacks)
2)_____ _____ (divorce, illness, moving)
3)______ ________: Continue over a long period of time (years of academic pressure, lasting unemployment)
4)______ _______ (traffic, running late)
catastrophic events, life changes, chronic stressors, daily hassles
______ ____: make stress easier or harder to deal with
stress mediators
stress mediators: ____ ____:think in terms of challenges, not threats; we are less stressed when stressors are seen as a challenge to overcome
cognitive appraisal
stress mediators: ______- sudden death is more stressful than one that is anticipated (someone who has been ill for a while)
predictability
stress mediators: _____-if you feel you have control, it is less stressful
control
coping methods:
(a)_____ _______ (e.g., working out)
(b)_______ ______ (e.g., go see faculty; change studying)
(c)______ ______ (e.g., don’t look at grades)
3)______ ______: Friends and family.
stress management, problem focused, emotion focused, social support
Physiological responses: ____ ___ ____ _____: physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system readies the person to fight or flee
fight or flight response
Physiological responses: ____ _____ ____: a three-stage model of the body’s response to stress
(i)______ ______: initial reaction to stress (activation of the “flight or fight” response)
(ii)______ _______: body’s reaction to prolonged stress (arousal is lower than alarm stage, but still above normal)
(iii)_____ _______: body’s reaction to long term stress (resistance to stress declines; susceptibility to illness increases)
general adaptation syndrome, alarm stage, resistance stage, exhaustion stage
Relaxation Training:_____________: recording the physiological signals from the body (e.g. muscle activity) so that we learn to control them
biofeedback
Relaxation Training: _____: focused relaxation
meditation
Relaxation Training: ____ ____: tensing and relaxing the major muscle groups
progressive relaxation
Relaxation Training: ____ ____: combo of progressive relaxation and meditation
general relaxation
Relaxation Training: ______ ____ _____: Impact of caffeine: increases physiological response – making it harder to relax
exercise and diet
Effects of Stress: ____ _____: common physical symptoms are stomach problems, headaches, back/neck pain, insomnia, & high blood pressure; impaired immune system. chronic stress may be related to the onset of diseases from: common cold and flu to cancer and heart disease.
physical health
______: the tips of the chromosomes.
1) Each time that a cell divides, the telomeres become slightly shorter. When they become too short, the cell can no longer divide properly. 2) People exposed to chronic stress have shorter telomere length.
telomeres
_____ _____: a complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.
immune system
____: a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation
burnout
______ ______: aid gained through interacting with others.
social support
____ ___ ____ ____: a systematic bias toward believing that they are less likely to fall victim
Illusion of unique invulnerability
_____ _____ _____ (____): immune system does not function; caused by infection with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
acquired immunideficiaecy syndrome(AIDS)
