Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

human anatomy > Chap 18 > Flashcards

Chap 18 Flashcards

(80 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Two branches of autonomic ns

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Somatic sensory

A

Nerve impulses from special senses
-consciously perceived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Visceral sensory

A

Sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors
-blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatic motor

A

Consciously controlled muscle movement
-skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Autonomic motor

A

Motor output not consciously controlled
-smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autonomic sensory neurons (location and where do they go)

A

Located in
-visceral organs
-blood vessels
Sent to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Integrating centres

A

Located in central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Autonomic motor neurons

A

From CNS to various effector tissues to regulate activity of
-smooth muscle
-cardiac muscle
-glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enteric division ENS

A

Specialized network of nerves and ganglia
-independent network within wall of GI tract
-brain of the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatic nervous system process

A

-From spinal cord
-to myelinated motor neuron
-directly to effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Autonomic nervous system process

A

-from spinal cord
-more specifically preganglionic neuron
-to preganglionic axon
-to autonomic ganglion
-postganglionic axon
-to effector organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anatomical differences in ANS divisions

A

-length of preganglionic and postganglionic axons
-number of preganglionic axon branches
-location of ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sympathetic division has the ______ located in the _____

A

-preganglionic neurons
-T1 to L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons located in _______ and _______

A

-brain stem nuclei
-S2 to S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What division is found in the thoracolumabr division

A

Sympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic neurons location

A

Located in the
-12 thoracic segments
-first two lumbar segments
T1-S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mass activation

A

SNS works to prepare for fight or flight
-everything kicks into gear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

PNS division appearance of pre and postganglionic axon

A

Pre- long axon unbranched
Post- short axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SNS pre and postganglionic appearance

A

Pre- short and branching
Post- long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Sites of synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Three types of sympathetic ganglia

A

-sympathetic trunk ganglia
-prevertebral ganglia
-postganglionic axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

Vertical row on either side of vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Prevertebral ganglia
Lies anterior to vertebral column and close to the large abdominal artieries
26
Postganglionic axons
From prevertebral ganglia innervate organs below diaphragm
27
Preganglionic neurons of the SNS location
Located: T1-L2 -lateral horns of gray matter
28
Three general groups of autonomic ganglia
-Sympathetic trunk ganglia -prevertebral ganglia -postganglionic axons
29
Sympathetic ganglia
Sites of synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
30
Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Vertical row on either side of vertebral column
31
Prevertebral ganglia
Lies anterior to the vertebral column, close to large abdominal arteries Goes to various organs
32
Postganglionic axons
From pre-vertebral ganglia -Innervates organs below the diaphragm
33
Sympathetic trunks location
anterior to spinal nerves and lateral to vertebral column
34
Sympathetic trunk ganglia function
House sympathetic ganglion is neuron cell bodies -one ganglion associated with each spinal nerve
35
Types of prevertebral ganglia
-celiac -superior mesenteric -cervical ganglia inferior mesenteric -sympathetic splanchnic nerves
36
Celiac ganglia
Location: adjacent to origin of celiac artery -preganglionic: T5-T9 -postganglionic: Innervates stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal duodenum, pancreas
37
Superior mesenteric ganglia
38
Integrating centres located
In the central nervous system
39
Is the somatic motor neuron myelinated or non myelinated?
Myelinated
40
A myelinated nervous system is
Sympathetic nervous system
41
Is the ANS myelinated or not myelinated
Preganglionic axon: is myelinated Postganglionic: not myelinated
42
In the ANS pathway what type is the first neuron
Preganglionic neuron
43
Preganglionic neuron of the ANS
Cell body is in the brain or spinal cord -first neuron in the ANS
44
What excites the second neuron in the ANS
Acetylcholine
45
Ganglionic neuron in the ANS
-thin unmyelinated Also called postganglionic as it comes after -extends to effector cells
46
Post ganglionic neurons function
Extend to effector cells
47
Celiac ganglia postganglionic axons innervate what
Innervates stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, proximal duodenum, pancreas
48
Postganglionic axons of superior mesenteric ganglia Innervates what
-distal duodenum -pancreas -small intestine -proximal large intestine -proximal ureteres
49
Cervical ganglia
Found in the cervical areas of the spinal cord -superior cervical ganglion -middle and inferior cervical ganglia
50
Superior cervical ganglion postganglionic axons innervate what
Head and neck
51
Middle nad inferior cervical ganglia postganglionic Innervates
Thoracic viscera
52
Inferior mesenteric ganglia post ganglionic axons innervate
-hypogastric structure -distal colon -rectum -reproductive organs -bladder and ureter
53
White ramus
Connects the spinal nerve to presympathetic -myelination
54
Grey ramus
Connects postganglionic to spinal nerve -unmyelinated
55
Origin of PNS preganglionic neurons
S2-S4
56
Parasympathetic division vs sympathetic division: preganglionic neurons
P: long preganglionic axon S: short, branching preganglionic axon
57
Parasympathetic division vs sympathetic division: postganglionic
P: short postganglionic axon S: long postganglionic axon
58
Location of Parasympathic location (structure)
Brain stem, last portion of the spinal cord (sacral)
59
Terminal ganglia (four)
-ciliary -pterygopalatine -submandibular -optic
60
Ciliary ganglia
Preganglionic: oculomotor nerve Postganglionic: ciliary and iris muscles, help with vision
61
Pterygopalatine ganglia
Preganglionic: passes through facial nerve Postganglionic: lacrimal glands, nose gland, mouth and palate
62
Submandibular ganglia
Preganglionic: passes with facial nerve Postganglionic: submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
63
Otis ganglia
Preganglionic: pass with glassopharyngeal nerve Postganglionic: parotid gland (salivary gland)
64
Vagus nerve
Innervates the heart, lungs, lower abdominal organs
65
Activity of vagus nerve in thoracic organs
Increases mucous production, decreases airway diameter and decreases heart rate/contraction
66
Activity of vagus nerve in abdominal organs
Increases smooth muscles motility and secretory activity in GI tract
67
Preganglionic axon sympathetic NS releases
Releases neurotransmitter called Ach
68
Postganglionic neuron in sympathetic ns releases
Adrenergi (NE)
69
Common neurotransmitter released by pre and post ganglionic axon in the sympathetic ns
Pre: ACh Post: NE
70
Parasympathetic and sympathetic ns secretions
71
Sympathetic effects
Adrenergic -gears body for action -MASS ACTIVATION -fight or flight
72
Parasympathetic effects
Cholinergic effects -conserves body’s energy -rest and digest
73
Autonomic plexuses
Located: thorax, abdomen, pelvis -creates reflexes that: blood pressure and heart rate, digestion, opening and closing of sphincters (defecation and urination)
74
Cardiac plexus
Increased heart rate and blood pressure (inc SNS) Decreases heart rate (PNS)
75
Pulmonary plexus
SNS- bronchodilation PNS- bronchoconstriction and inc secretion from bronchial tree
76
Esophageal plexus
PNS-swallowing reflex
77
Abdominal aortic plexus
Celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus
78
Hypogastric plexus
Supplies pelvic viscera (Vagina, penis, clitoris, bladder and uterus)
79
Autonomic reflexes
Maintain homeostasis -smooth muscles contractions -cardiac muscle contractions -gland secretion
80
Receptors that bind ACh are called
Cholinergic receptors

human anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions