Chapter 16

Question 1

Ascending tracts

Answer 1

Cary information up to the brain
-sensory

Question 2

Descending tracts

Answer 2

Carry information down to effector
-motor

Question 3

White matter

Answer 3

-spinal nerves
-ascending and descending tracts

Question 4

Grey matter

Answer 4

-reflex arc
-autonomic nuclei

Question 5

Function of the spinal nerves

Answer 5

-pathway for sensory and motor impulses
-reflexes

Question 6

Spinal meninges

Answer 6

Cover the spinal card

Question 7

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 7

Shock absorbing fluid in the spinal cord

Question 8

Denticulate ligaments

Answer 8

Thickenings of the pia mater
-that project and connect the arachnoid mater to the dura mater

Question 9

Dura mater

Answer 9

-most superficial
-dense irregular connective tissue

Question 10

Epidural space

Answer 10

Space between the dura mater and wall of vertebral canal

Question 11

Arachnoid mater

Answer 11

Middle layer
-avascular covering
-delicate collagen fibres, elastic fibres

Question 12

Subdural space

Answer 12

Between the dura and arachnoid mater
-contains interstitial fluid

Question 13

Pia mater

Answer 13

-innermost
-highly vascular
-adheres to the surface of the spinal cord and brain
-contains thin squamous to cubdoial cells
-collagen and elastic fibres

Question 14

Five parts of the spinal cord

Answer 14

-cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-sacral
-coccygeal

Question 15

Conus medullaris

Answer 15

Tapering inferior end of the spinal cord

Question 16

Cauda equina

Answer 16

Horses tail
-extends inferioraly from the spinal cords conus medullaris

Question 17

Film terminal

Answer 17

Attaches conus medullaris to coccyx

Question 18

Cervical enlargement

Answer 18

Located: inferior cervical part
Function: Innervates upper limbs

Question 19

Lumbosacral enlargement

Answer 19

Location: through lumbar and sacral
Function: Innervates lower limbs

Question 20

What are the two longitudinal depressions of the spinal cord

Answer 20

-posterior median sulcus
-anterior median fissure

Question 21

How many cervical nerves

Answer 21

8

Question 22

Thoracic nerves

Answer 22

12

Question 23

Central canal

Answer 23

Circulates the cerebral spinal fluid throughout the spinal cord

Question 24

Lumbar nerves

Answer 24

5

Question 25

sacral nerves

Answer 25

5

Question 26

Coccygeal nerves

Answer 26

1

Question 27

Grey matter is made up of

Answer 27

Dendrites and cell bodies of neurons -unmyelinated

Question 28

White matter is made of up

Answer 28

Myelinated axons

Question 29

White matter three sub parts

Answer 29

-posterior funiculus -lateral funiculus -anterior funiculus

Question 30

Anterior horn

Answer 30

Somatic motor neuron -integrates the skeletal muscle

Question 31

Lateral horn

Answer 31

Autonomic motor neuron -innervate cardia, smooth and glands

Question 32

Grey matter four sub parts

Answer 32

-posterior horn -lateral horn -anterior horn -grey commissure

Question 33

Posterior horn

Answer 33

Incoming sensory information -terminates here

Question 34

Gray commissure

Answer 34

Houses narrow central canal

Question 35

Posterior root

Answer 35

Sensory axons

Question 36

Anterior root

Answer 36

Motor axons

Question 37

Rootlets form a

Answer 37

Spinal nerve

Question 38

Posterior ramus

Answer 38

Innervates deep muscles and skin of the back

Question 39

Anterior ramus

Answer 39

Innervates anterior and lateral portions of the trunk, upper and lower limbs

Question 40

Principal plexuses

Answer 40

-cervical -brachial -lumbar -sacral

Question 41

Plexuses

Answer 41

Axons from anterior rami -innervate body structures