Chapter 7 Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Cranial bones
A
-frontal
-parietal
-temporal
-occipital
-sphenoid
-ethmoid
2
Q
Facial bones
A
-nasal
-maxillae
-zygomatic
-mandible
-lacrimal
-palatine
-inferior nasal conchae
-vomer
3
Q
How many cranial bones
A
8
4
Q
How many bones in skull
A
22 bones
5
Q
How many facial bones
A
14
6
Q
Facial bones form the
A
Face
7
Q
Cranial bones from the
A
Cranial cavity
8
Q
How many bones in the axial skeleton
A
80
9
Q
Appendicular skeleton
A
126
10
Q
cranial cavities
A
-largest cavity
-encloses, cushions and supports the brain
11
Q
Orbital cavity
A
Eye sockets
12
Q
Oral cavity
A
Mouth.
13
Q
Nasal cavity
A
Nose
-lined with mucous membranes
14
Q
Paranasal sinuses
A
-cavities within cranial and facial bones
-lines with mucous membrane
Functions:
-lighten skull
-inc surface area for more moisten and clean air
-intensify and prolong sounds
15
Q
Four sinuses
A
-frontal sinus
-ethmoidal sinus
-sphenoidal sinus
-maxillary sinus
16
Q
Sinuses all open into the
A
Nasal cavity
17
Q
Sutures
A
Immovable fibrous joint
-found in adult skull
18
Q
Four sutures
A
-coronal
-Sagittal
-squamous
-lambdoid
19
Q
Coronal
A
Unites the frontal and parietal bones
20
Q
Sagittal
A
Unites the two parietal bones
21
Q
squamous
A
Unites the parietal and temporal bones
22
Q
Lambdoid
A
Unites the two parietal bones to the occipital bone
23
Q
Fontanels
A
Soft spots
-areas of cartilage and mesenchyme arranged in thin plates
Functions:
-rapid growth of brain
-allows shape changing and flexibility for birth
24
Q
Calavaria
A
Skullcap/roof of cranium
25
The base
Floor of cranium
26
Frontal bone
-unpaired
-anterior roof of cranium
-forehead, nasal cavity, orbital arches
27
Landmark/key feature of frontal bone
Frontal squamous, supraorbital margin and supraorbital foramen
-supraorbital artery and vein pass
Frontal sinuses
-reduce weight of skull
28
Frontal bone frontal crest
Attachment site of meninges to help stabilize the brain within skull
29
Frontal bone frontal sinuses
Lighten bone, moisten inhaled air and give resonance to voice
30
Frontal bone squamous part
Attachment of scalp muscles
31
Frontal bone supraorbital margin
Forms protective superior border of orbital cavity
-eyebrows
32
Frontal bones paired?
No, unpaired
33
Parietal bones paired?
Yes
Parietal bones are paired
34
Parietal bones
-forms sides and roof of cranial cavity
-paired
-occupies lateral portion of skull
35
Foramen
Opening in the bone, passageway for blood vessels, nerves and most times lymphatic system
36
Supraorbital foramen
Supraorbital nerve, artery and vein
37
Temporal bones
-paired
-inferior lateral part of cranial floor (near the ear)
-articulates with only moveable bone of face
38
Superior and interior temporal lines
Lines across the parietal bones
39
Temporal mandibular joint
-articulates with the articular tubercle
40
Zygomatic bone
Cheekbone
41
Zygomatic process belong to
the temporal bone
42
Temporal process belongs to
The zygomatic bone
43
Zygomatic arch
-zygomatic process of temporal bone
-temporal process of zygomatic
44
External acoustic meatus
Ear passes through this area
45
Petrous portion
Located: between sphenoid and occipital bones
Function: houses internal ear sensory organs,
46
Eternal auditory meatus
Conducts air into the middle ear
47
Mastoid process
Attachment site for several neck muscles
48
Carotid canal
Internal carotid artery
49
Squamous portion
-lateral portion
50
Styloid process
Attachment for hyoid and tongue muscles
51
Stylomastoid foramen
Passage for facial nerve and stylomastoid
52
Temporal process forms the
Zygomatic arch
53
Articular tubercle
Forms TMJ
54
Mastoid process
Attachment site for neck muscles
55
Occiputal bone
-unpaired
-posterior part and base of the cranium
56
Landmark of occiputal bone
-foramen magnum
57
Foramen magnum
Large hole, housing
-spinal cord, vertebral, spinal arteries and accessory nerve
58
Squamous part of occipital bone
Forms posterior region of skull
59
Basilar part of occipital bone
Foramen magnum
60
Hypoglossal canal of occipital bone
Hypoglossal nerve
61
Hypoglossal nerve
Motor nerve, move the tongue muscles
62
Occipital condoles
-nob like structure
-where neck sits up
-first cervical vertebra
63
Jugular notch
Jugular foramen (jugular vein)
64
Ligamentum nuchae
Ligament that helps support the head
65
Superior and inferior nuchal line
Grooves and lines in the occiputal bone
66
Sphenoid bone
-unpaired
-butterfly shaped
-middle part of the base of the skull
-keystone bone**
67
Landmarks of sphenoid
-Sella turcica
68
Sella turcica
-houses pineal gland
69
Sphenoid bone: pterygoid processes
Muscles moving the lower jaw and soft palate
70
Keystone bone
Articulate to several other cranial bones
-middle bone
71
Sphenoid processes: sphenoid sinus
Drains into superior aspects of the nasal cavity
72
Ethmoid bone
-unpaired
-smallest
-irregular shaped bone
-numerous paranasal sinuses
-medial wall of eye sockets
73
The ethmoid bone houses….
Ethmoidal cells (becomes ethmoid sinuses)
74
ethmoid bone - Crista galli
Attachment site for falx cerebri (brain membrane)
75
Ethmoidal sinuses
Contain ethmoidal cells to clean the air
76
Cranial fossae
Three distinct regions, corresponding to major contours of inferior surface of the brain
77
What are the three cranial fossae
-anterior
-middle
-posterior
78
Anterior cranial fossa
-cerebral hemispheres of the brain
79
Middle cranial fossa
-temporal lobes, and part of brain stem
80
Posterior cranial fossa
-accommodates cerebellum, part of brain stem
81
What are the only two unpaired facial bones
-vomer
-mandible
82
Zygomatic
-paired
-cheekbone
-articulates with zygomatic process
83
Zygomaticofacial foramen
-zygomatic bone
-zygoomaticalfacial nerve and blood vessel
84
Lacrimal
-paired
-smallest bone of face
-drain tears from lacrimal gland
-medial wall of eye socket
85
Lacrimal cannot drain enough tears=
Crying, tears roll down anterior face
86
Lacrimal groove
-into maxilla
-accepts lacrimal sac that passes tears from eye into nasal cavity
87
Nasal bone
-paired
-forms bridge of nose
-prone to damage
-supports cartilaginous plates
88
Vomer
-unpaired
-ala
-vertical plate (perpendicular plate)
89
Inferior nasal conchae
-paired
-help to filter air
90
Superior nasal conchae
Increases surface area, aid in smell
91
Mandible
-unpaired
-only moveable bone
92
Structural features of mandible
-body
-rami
-angle
93
Condylar process of mandible
Articulate with Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
-TMJ
94
coronoid process of mandible
Temporal is muscle
95
Mental foramen
-nerve passages and blood vessels
-introduces anaesthetics for dental surgery
96
Palatine
-paired
-L shaped bones form hard slate
-separates nasal cavity from oral cavity
97
Occipitofrontalis
-scalp muscle
-retracts the scalp anteriorly
-moves eyebrows
-wrinkle skin on forehead at surprisingly emotion
98
Nasalis
-nose muscle
-compress the bridge, depress tip of nose
-elevate nostril
99
Procerus
-nose muscles
-moves nose and wrinkles nose
-position and shape of nostril
100
Maxillae
-paired
-midline to form upper jaw
101
Alveolar process
Upper teeth
102
Infraorbita foramen
Blood vessels, nerves and branch of trigeminal nerve
103
Bussinator
Muscle of mouth
-compress cheek during chewing
-blowing the trumpet
104
Orbicularis oris
-mouth muscle
-compresses and purses lips
105
Depressor labii inferioris
-mouth muscle
-draws lower lip inferior
106
Depressor anguli oris
-mouth muscles
-corner of mouth inferior lateral
107
Levator labii superioris
-mouth muscles
-opens lips, furrows upper lip
108
Levator anguli oris
-mouth muscles
-draws corners of mouth superior and lateral
109
Frown
Depressor anguli oris
110
To blink/close eyes
Orbicularis oculli
111
To smile
Zygomaticus major
112
To close mouth/kiss
Orbicularis oris
113
To wrinkle forehead or raise eyebrows
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
114
To tense skin of neck
Platysma
115
Zygomaticus major and minor
-mouth muscle
-smile muscles
116
Risorius
-mouth muscle
-laughter muscle
117
Mentalis
-mouth muscle
-protrude lower lip
-wrinkle chin
-pouting
118
Platysma
-neck muscles
Pulls lower lip inferiorly
119
Orbicularis oculi
-orbit and eyebrow muscles
Closes eyes
120
Corrugator supercilix
-eyebrow muscle
Draws eyebrow inferiorly and medially to wrinkle above the nose
121
How many extrinsic eye muscles control the movement of each eyeball
There are six extrinsic eye muscles
122
Why are extrinsic eye muscles considered EXTRINSIC
They originate on the outside of the eyeballs
-in the sclera
123
Rectus
Means there are obvious actions in the extrinsic eye muscles
124
Medial rectus
-extrinsic eye muscle
Move eyeball medially
Adducts the eye
125
Lateral rectus
-extrinsic eye muscle
Moves eyeball laterally
Abducts eye
126
Inferior rectus
-extrinsic eye muscle
Depresses and adducts eye
127
Superior rectus
-extrinsic eye muscle
Elevates and adducts the eye
128
Superior oblique
-extrinsic eye muscle
Elevates and adducts the eye
129
Inferior oblique
-extrinsic eye muscle
Depresses and abducts the eye
130
The masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid
Provides strength for the bite
131
Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
Chewing
-moves mandible from side to side
-protracting
132
Temporalis
-muscles of mastication
Elevate and retract mandible
133
Medial and lateral pterygoid
-muscles of mastication
-grinding teeth and chewing
-side to side movement
