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human anatomy > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurology

A

A study of the normal and disordered nervous system

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2
Q

What part of the nervous system is under CNS

A

The brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What parts of the nervous system is under PNS

A

-Cranial and spinal nerves
-ganglia

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4
Q

Ganglia

A

Small masses of nervous tissue
-found outside the CNS
-very similar to a neuron

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5
Q

Enteric plexuses

A

Networks of neurons located in their walls of GI tract
-help regulate digestive system actives
-brain of the gut

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6
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Emerge from the brain

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7
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Emerge from the spinal cord

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8
Q

Three major functions of the nervous system

A
  1. Collects information
  2. Processes and evaluates information
  3. Initiates responses
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9
Q

How does the nervous system collect information

A

Receptors in PNS detect changes in environment
-pass it onto the CNS

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10
Q

How does the nervous system initiate the response

A

CNS initiates impulses sent to PNS, which carries to effectors to react to changes in environment

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11
Q

Somatic sensory

A
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12
Q

Spinal cord is made up of what types of matter?

A

White and grey

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13
Q

What is white matter?

A

The ascending and descending

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14
Q

What is grey matter

A

The reflex arc
-resembles an H shape
-contain nuclei (neuron cell bodies)

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15
Q

Spinal cord function

A

Connects the brain to the rest of the body

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16
Q

Ascending is

A

Sensory

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17
Q

Descending is

A

Motor

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18
Q

What are the four “parts” of the spine from top to bottom

A

-cervical part
-thoracic part
-lumbar part
-sacral part

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19
Q

Epidural layer

A

Major part in surgery epidermal
-lies between rural and periosteum

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20
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

-Middle layer, contains villi and creates cerebral spinal fluid

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21
Q

Dura mater in spinal cord

A

Outer layer
-single layer
-provide stability

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22
Q

Pia mater

A

-inner layer
-delicate layer that supports some blood vessels

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23
Q

Intervebrel foramen

A

The doorway between the spinal canal and periphery

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24
Q

Posterior/dorsal means

A

Sensory

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25
Posterior ramus
Sensory -supplies nerves to deep muscles and skin of posterior surface
26
Anterior/ventral root
Motor -supplies the upper and lower limb muscles -skin of lateral and anterior trunk region
27
Rami is
Plural
28
Ramus is
Singular branch
29
Plexus
Network of various axons
30
four principle plexus
-cervical plexus -brachial plexus -lumbar plexus -sacral plexus
31
Brachial plexus
-found in C5-T1 -formed by anterior rami
32
What five nerves are a part of brachial plexuses
-axillary -radial -median -ulnar -musculocutaneous
33
Ulnar nerve is active where
Anterior forearm muscles and intrinsic hand (Pinky side of hand)
34
Radial nerve is active where
Posterior region of forearm -majority of forearm but not the pinky
35
Musculocutaneous nerve
Anterior arm muscles -nothing in the hand -above the thumb
36
Median nerve
Anterior forearm muscles -thenar muscles and lumbricals THENAR GROUP (mostly palm)
37
Axillary nerve
-deltoid, teres minor and superiolateral arm -shoulder
38
Where does the arch of the aorta branch out to in blood supply
-brachiocephalic trunk -left common carotid -left subclavian
39
Where does the brachiocephalic trunk lead
-common carotid -subclavian
40
Where does the subclavian lead
Axillary
41
Where does the axillary lead
Brachial
42
Where does the brachial lead
Radial or ulnar artery
43
Where do the radial and ulnar lead
-deep palmar arch or superficial palmar arch
44
There are three final branches that arteries lead too, what are they?
-palmer metacarpal -common palmar digital -proper palmer digital
45
Superficial veins
-subclavian -cephalic -medial cubical vein -basilic vein -dorsal venous network
46
Deep veins
-superior vena cava -subclavian -brachiocephalic -axillary -superficial palmar venous arch
47
Subclavian arteries
Supply blood to the upper limbs
48
axillary artery
Supply blood to the shoulder and thoracic region
49
Brachial artery
Supplies blood to the inferior border of teres major
50
Radial artery
Blood to the radius side
51
Ulnar artery
Supply blood to the ulnar side
52
Radial artery leads to
Superficial palmar arch
53
Ulnary artery leads too
Deeper palmar arch
54
Superficial palmar arch and deeper palmar arch both supply blood too
Palm of your hand
55
Digital arteries and palmar metacarpal both supply blood too
The fingers
56
Cervical part
Superiormost region of the spinal cord -continuous with medulla oblongata -sensory neurons C1-C5 More white than grey matter
57
Thoracic part
Inferior to cervical part -neurons for thoracic spinal nerves More white than grey matter
58
Lumbar part
Shorter segment of the spinal cord -neurons for lumbar spinal nerves Equal amounts white and grey matter
59
Sacral part
Inferior to lumbar part -contains neurons for sacral spinal nerves More grey matter than white
60
Coccygeal part
Most inferior tip of spinal cord
61
Conus medullaris
Inferior end of the spinal cord
62
Cauda equina
Groups of axons -within vertebral canal inferior to inferior end
63
Total amount of spinal nerves
There are 31 spinal nerves
64
There are ___ cervical nerves
8
65
There are ____ thoracic nerves
12
66
There are __ lumbar nerves
5
67
There are ___ sacral nerves
5
68
There are __ coccygeal nerves
1
69
Subarachnoid space
Space filled with cerebrospinal fluid
70
Grey matter is composed of
-dendrites -neuron cell bodies -glial cells -unmyelinated axons
71
White matter is composed of
Myelinated axons
72
Spinal nerves
Extend from spinal cord to effector organs and sensory receptors
73
Multiple anterior rootlets form
A single anterior root
74
Anterior root
Contains motor axons only
75
The brain and spinal cord make up
The central nervous system
76
The cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia make up what system?
Peripheral nervous system
77
Ganglia
A nerve outside the CNS -the same functionally as a neuron
78
Enteric nervous system
Located in the wall of the GI tract to regulate digestive system -brain of the gut
79
Functions of the nervous system
-collects information by receptors in the PNS -process and evaluate information -initiate appropriate responses
80
somatic
Voluntary branch -sensory and motor
81
Autonomic
Involuntary -sensory and motor
82
Somatic sensory
Sensory input that consciously perceived -five senses
83
Visceral sensory
Sensory input that is not consciously perceived -blood vessel or heart activity
84
Sensory nervous system
Input -detects stimuli and transmits information from receptors to CNS
85
Motor nervous system
Initiates and transmits information FROM CNS to effectors
86
Somatic motor
Consciously or voluntarily controlled -effector is skeletal muscle
87
Autonomic motor
Not consciously controlled -effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscles and glands
88
Sympathetic
Fight or flight
89
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest
90
Axon hillock
Site of actual action potential
91
Unipolar neuron
Single and short
92
Bipolar neuron
Two processes, one dendrite and axon
93
Multipolar
Many dendrites, single axon -most common
94
Neurons
-allows body to communicate -functional cell -highly specialized -lasts forever (memory) -generates action potential
95
Glial cells
Nonexcitable -provide support and nutrients to neurons -can multiply
96
What do u have more of: neurons or glial cells?
Glial cells
97
What types of glial cells are found in the central nervous system
-astrocytes -oligodendrocytes -microglial -ependymal
98
Astrocyte
Gate keepers -part of the BBB -controls permeability
99
Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin
100
Microglia
Immune response -phagocytes remove damaged nervous tissue
101
Ependymal
Produce CSF
102
Glial in the PNS
-satellite cells -Schwann cells
103
Satellite cells
Part of the BBB, control permeability
104
Schwann cells
Produce myelin

human anatomy (15 decks)

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