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Flashcards in Chapter 1 Deck (40)
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1
Q

Framework of Patho

A

based on the common or classic presentation of disease in the physiologic functioning of human beings

2
Q

Etiology

A
  • the study of causes or reasons for phenomena
  • identifies casual factors that provoke a particular disease (basically the cause of disease or condition)
  • classified as idiopathic or iatrogenic
3
Q

Idiopathic disease

A

cause of disease is unknown

4
Q

Iatrogenic diesease

A

cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment (not the same as nosocomial, where the cause is indirect)

5
Q

Risk factors

A

a factor that when present increases the likelihood of a disease. classified as modifiable and non modifiable (can and cannot change)

6
Q

Pathogenesis

A

the development or evolution of disease, from the initial stimulus to ultimate expression of the manifestations of the disease.

7
Q

Signs

A

objective or observed manifestation of disease

8
Q

symptoms

A

subjective feeling of abnormality in the body

9
Q

syndrome

A

etiology of signs and symptoms has not yet been identified

10
Q

Edema

A

swelling

11
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

12
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

wake up in the middle of the night gasping

13
Q

hemoptysis

A

blocking of blood

14
Q

3 p’s of diabetes

A

polydipsia
polyurea
polyphagia

15
Q

Stages of Disease

A

Latent period
prodromal period
acute phase
subclinical stage

16
Q

Latent period

A

the time between exposure of tissue to injurious agent an first appearance of signs and symptoms. Also refers to time during an illness when signs and symptoms temporarily disappear

17
Q

Prodromal Period

A

time during which first signs and or symptoms appear indicating onset disease

18
Q

Acute phase

A

disease reaches full intensity

19
Q

Subclinical Phase

A

patient functions normally, disease processes are well established

20
Q

Acute clinical course

A

sever manifestations that can last anywhere from hours, to days, to weeks

21
Q

chronic clinical course

A

may last months to years, sometimes following an acute course

22
Q

Exacerbation

A

a sudden increase in severity of disease or signs and symptoms

23
Q

Convalescence

A

stage of recovery after disease, injury, or surgical procedure

24
Q

sequela

A

subsequent pathologic condition resulting from an illness (one disease leads to another)

25
Q

Statistical Normality

A

estimate of diseases in a normal population, based on a bell curve

26
Q

reliability of a test

A

test’s ability to give the same result in repeated measurments

27
Q

validity of a test

A

degree to which a measurement reflects the true value of what it intends to measure

28
Q

predicted value of a test

A

extent to which a test can differentiate between presence or absence of a person’s condition

29
Q

INR

A

International Normalized Ratio

30
Q

Sensitivity of a test

A

probability that a test will be positive when applied to a person with a particular condition

31
Q

Specificity of a test

A

Probability that a test will be negative when applied without a particular condition

32
Q

Factors that affect the normality of health

A
cultural considerations 
age differences 
gender differences 
situational differences 
time variations
33
Q

Epidemeology

A

study of the patters of disease involving populations (occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission, and distrubution)

34
Q

Endemic Disease

A

native to a local region

35
Q

epidemic disease

A

spread to many people at the same time

36
Q

pandemic disease

A

spread to large geographic areas

37
Q

Aggregate factors or Epidemiologic Variables

A
age
ethnice group
gender
socioeconomic factors and lifestyle considerations 
geographic location
38
Q

Primary Prevention

A

altering susceptibility or reducing exposure from susceptible persons (before infection)

39
Q

Secondary Prevention

A

Early detection, screening, and management of disease

after infection but before acute phase

40
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and restoring effective functioning (treating a disease during its acute phase)