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Flashcards in Chapter 14 Deck (7)
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1
Q

Hemophilia

A

most commonly inherited coagulation disorder resulting in excessive bleeding. Hallmark of hemophilia is hemarthrosis (bleeding in joints)

2
Q

Hemophilia A

A
  • caused by factor VIII deficiency
  • treatment is cryoprecipitate or factor VIII concentrate
  • x linked recessive disorder
3
Q

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

A
  • an acquired hemorrhagic syndrome in which clotting and bleeding occur simutaneously
  • causes may include trauma, malignancy, burns, shock, and abruptio placentae
  • widespread clot formation in small vessels
4
Q

Signs of DIC

A
  • fibronogen level and platelet count decreased
  • increased bleeding time
  • Elevated PT/INR/aPTT
  • Elevated D-Dimer/Fibrin split products
5
Q

Treatment of DIC

A
  • removal/correction of underlying cause
  • support major organs
  • Fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, platelets, or cryoprecipitate
  • Heparin used to minimize further consumption of clotting factors
6
Q

Coagulation Tests

A
  • CBC to identify anemia
  • platelet count to identify number of platelets
  • Peripheral smear indicates the number and gross morphologic characteristics of platelet function
  • bleeding time evaluates vascular status and platelet function
  • PT/INR asseses the extrinsic pathway of coagulation (how thin or thick blood is)
  • aPTT assesses the intrinsic pathway
  • D-dimer reflects fibrinolysis
7
Q

Anticoagulants

A
  • drugs that prevent the coagulation of blood
  • includes Antithrombin III (ATIII) and Protein
  • coumadin
  • heparin
  • Vitamin K reverses coumadin
  • Protamine reversed heparin