Chapter 22: Bronchiectasis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 22: Bronchiectasis Deck (6)
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1
Q

Etiology of Bronchiectasis

A
  • dilation of the bronchial wall
  • acquired (rare) or congenital
  • is both an obstructive and suppurative (pus forming) disorder
  • Associated with cystic fibrosis
  • increased risk in children
2
Q

Pathogenesis of Bronchiectasis

A
  • recurrent infection of bronchial walls leads to persistant dilation
  • bronchial wall thickening
  • Inflammation results in destruction of walls
  • destructive process leads to loss of cilliated epithelium (transforms to squamous cell and pus formation; leads to bronchial obstruction; predisposes patient to infection)
3
Q

clinical manifestations of Bronchiectasis

A
  • persistent, daily, chronic, productive cough (w/foul sputum)
  • Hemoptysis
  • Fever, night sweats
  • Moist crackles including bases, rhonchi
  • Halitosis (bad breath)
  • Skin pallor
  • Digital Clubbing (infrequent)
4
Q

Clubbing

A
  • caused by prolonged, decreased oxygenation
  • associated with lymphocytic extravasation (something goes into tissue that shouldn’t), increased vascularity, and edema
  • severity parallels the severity of the disease.
5
Q

Diagnosis of Bronchiectasis

A
  • History of chronic, productive cough
  • Chest xray (small cysts, bronchial wall thickening)
  • PFTs (decreased airflow and vital capacity)
  • ABG (decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2)
  • CT scan (BEST CHOICE FOR DIAGNOSIS)
6
Q

Treatment of Bronchiectasis

A
  • antibiotic therapy, inhaled bronchodilators, vigorous chest percussion (hitting chest) and postural drainage