Chapter 1: Cells, Life, and Homeostasis Flashcards
(29 cards)
Membrane-enclosed, basic, replicable unit of living things.
Cell
Fluid mosaic lipid bilayer that surrounds a cell, separating the cytoplasm on the inside from the extracellular environment on the outside.
Plasma membrane
Ability to allow the movement of some substances but not of others, particularly across membranes
Selective Permeability
Protein-based catalyst.
Enzyme
Amino acid-based polymeric substance that is found in association with lipid bilayers.
Membrane Protein
The liquid volume of a cell that is found immediately interior to the plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm
Multi-molecular, including multi-protein, sub-cellular machine.
Organelle
Double-layered membrane-associated structure containing the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms, part of the endomembrane system.
Cell Nucleus
The site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.
Mitochondria
Material found between animal cells, supplying both cushioning to tissues and resistance to tearing.
Extracellular Matrix
Cells making up the same organism having dissimilar functions and appearances despite being genetically identical.
Cellular Differentiation
The idea that living systems, in order to survive and prosper, must control within relatively narrow ranges various physical, chemical, and physiological parameters associated with their bodies.
Homeostasis
A system for which change occurs but no net change occurs, whether or not that lack of net change requires an ongoing input of energy.
Steady State
All of the chemical reactions that take place within an organism.
Metabolism
Chemical reactions associated with organisms that break substances down to yield readily usable forms of energy.
Catabolism
Chemical reactions associated with organisms that are energy requiring and which build molecules up.
Anabolism
Specialized amino-acid based polymers within cells and bodies that provide important functions other than participating in chemical reactions.
Structural protein
Movement of materials such as into and out of cells.
Membrane transport
Nonsolid aspects of bodies that are found outside of cells and which are contained within the integumentary system.
Extracellular fluid
Nonsolid aspects of bodies that are found outside of cells, within the integumentary system, and other than that making up blood and lymph.
Interstitial fluid
The state that a system tends to achieve especially in the absence of external input.
Equilibrium
The normal level of a given homeostatic parameter.
Set point
The idea that homeostasis actually consists of ranges in conditions that also can vary non-pathologically depending on circumstances.
Dynamic constancy
The tendency for perturbations of systems away from a given state to be resisted.
Negative feedback
