Chapter 14: Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Immunity plus Microorganisms

Question 1

Malady caused either by a microorganism or by an equivalent entity capable of both transmission between hosts and replication.

Answer 1

Infectious disease

Question 2

Localized response within bodies to damage as well as to the presence of foreign materials within normally sterile tissues.

Answer 2

Inflammation

Question 3

Mechanisms that protect an organism from pathogens and parasites and that do not change in their specificity over the course of the organism’s lifespan.

Answer 3

Innate immunity

Question 4

The production of antibodies along with T-cell mediated cellular cytotoxicity, both as a means of protecting organisms from pathogens and parasites.

Answer 4

Adaptive immunity

Question 5

Relatively complex molecules, mostly proteins but also some carbohydrates, that can be recognized by adaptive immune responses.

Answer 5

Antigen

Question 6

Proteins produced by vertebrate animals that function by binding to other molecules, thereby either inactivating those other molecules or tagging them as foreign to the body.

Answer 6

Antibody

Question 7

The product of binding of an immunoglobulin to a protein or molecule that has been targeted by an immune response.

Answer 7

Antigen-antibody complex

Question 8

Most common product employed for artificially acquired passive immunization.

Answer 8

Gamma globulin

Question 9

White blood cell.

Answer 9

Leukocyte

Question 10

Leukocyte capable of removing particles, microorganisms, and debris from extracellular environments within animal bodies

Answer 10

Phagocyte

Question 11

Lymphoid organ found in the ventral cavity of vertebrates that functions to regulate various aspects of blood.

Answer 11

Spleen

Question 12

Long-lived phagocytic leukocytes that also serve as antigen-presenting cells.

Answer 12

Macrophage

Question 13

Relatively short-lived phagocytic leukocytes.

Answer 13

Neutrophil

Question 14

Molecule playing a variety of roles in physiology, especially contribution to inflammatory responses but also playing roles in the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract as well as serving as a neurotransmitter.

Answer 14

Histamine

Question 15

Collective name for B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells.

Answer 15

Lymphocyte

Question 16

Gland in which cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity mature.

Answer 16

Thymus

Question 17

Cytotoxic lymphocyte that is associated particularly with innate rather than adaptive immunity.

Answer 17

Natural killer cell

Question 18

Lymphocytes that are responsible for producing antibodies.

Answer 18

B cell

Question 19

B cells that are actively producing antibodies.

Answer 19

Plasma cell

Question 20

Expanded clonal lineage of B cells that can be stimulated to produce plasma cells.

Answer 20

Memory cell

Question 21

Adaptive immune responses that are dependent on B cell proliferation and associated biosynthesis.

Answer 21

Antibody-mediated immunity

Question 22

Agent employed to artificially induce (or “prime”) adaptive immune responses.

Answer 22

Vaccine

Question 23

Means by which infected or otherwise abnormal body cells may be eliminated especially through the destruction of the infected cell.

Answer 23

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 24

Lymphocytes that mediate cellular immunity (both helper and cytotoxic).

Answer 24

T cell

Question 25

Molecules produced by virus-infected and other ailing cells that are used as a means of communicating that situation to other cells so that the latter can take protective actions.

Answer 25

Interferon

Question 26

Lymphoid tissue exposed to the back of the mouth or pharynx.

Answer 26

Tonsils

Question 27

Key site of development of adaptive immune responses, found in numerous, discrete locations throughout the body and that filter the drainage from body interstitium.

Answer 27

Lymph node

Question 28

Means by which smaller foreign objects are slowly moved out of the respiratory system.

Answer 28

Mucociliary escalator