Chapter 12: Respiratory System: Lungs and Breathing

Question 1

Animal gas exchange organs of breathing.

Answer 1

Lungs

Question 2

Lung-enclosing serous membranes that serve to reduce friction between lungs and associated body cavity walls.

Answer 2

Pleura

Question 3

Volume within animals containing the lungs.

Answer 3

Pleural cavity

Question 4

Exchange by animals of gasses with those in the air as mediated by active flow of air over specialized body tissues.

Answer 4

Breathing

Question 5

Uptake of oxygen from and release of carbon dioxide to the environment by an organism.

Answer 5

External respiration

Question 6

Uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide within the body.

Answer 6

Internal respiration

Question 7

Somewhat external air handling anatomy including the external nose, the associated nasal cavity, and the pharynx.

Answer 7

Upper respiratory tract

Question 8

Anatomy associated with the warming, filtering, and moistening of air in the course of inhalation.

Answer 8

Nose

Question 9

The internal volume found behind the external nose.

Answer 9

Nasal cavity

Question 10

Volumes that are found within aspects of bodies, particularly air-filled spaces within bones.

Answer 10

Sinuses

Question 11

The back of the mouth and nose, also known as the throat

Answer 11

Pharynx

Question 12

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles.

Answer 12

Lower respiratory tract

Question 13

Post-pharynx cartilaginous connector to the trachea that includes the epiglottis, glottis, and vocal cords.

Answer 13

Larynx

Question 14

Flap responsible for sealing the larynx during swallowing so that passage of food or water into the trachea may be avoided.

Answer 14

Epiglottis

Question 15

Connective tissue associated with the larynx that serves to impart vibrations on air especially during exhalation.

Answer 15

Vocal cords

Question 16

Cartilage reinforced, collapse-resistant passageway from larynx to lungs.

Answer 16

Trachea

Question 17

Large tubes through which air passes within lungs.

Answer 17

Bronchi

Question 18

Smaller tubes through which air passes within the lungs.

Answer 18

Bronchioles

Question 19

Microscopic pouches within lungs where majority of gas exchange occurs.

Answer 19

Alveoli

Question 20

Collections of microscopic pouches responsible for majority of gas exchange within lungs.

Answer 20

Alveolar sacs

Question 21

Molecule that can simultaneously dissolve in both water and lipids, potentially resulting in suspension of the latter in the former.

Answer 21

Surfactant

Question 22

Blood vessels that supply unoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Answer 22

Pulmonary arteries

Question 23

Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart.

Answer 23

Pulmonary veins

Question 24

Means by which the rib cage is moved upward to effect inhalation.

Answer 24

Intercostal muscles

Question 25

Means by which the thoracic cavity expands towards the abdominal cavity to effect inhalation.

Answer 25

Diaphragm

Question 26

Amount of air entering the lungs per each inhalation or exiting the lungs per each exhalation under normal unforced conditions.

Answer 26

Tidal volume

Question 27

Volume of air that is the difference between fully inflated lungs via inhalation and fully deflated lungs via exhalation.

Answer 27

Vital capacity

Question 28

Cells found within the medulla oblongata of the brain stem that control the pace of breathing.

Answer 28

Respiratory center