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Biology 1102 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Oxygen, nutrient, waste and also heat-carrying circulatory fluid associated with closed circulatory systems in animals.

A

Blood

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2
Q

Cell-enclosed tubes within which circulating fluids pass both from and to an associated heart.

A

Blood vessel

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3
Q

Cellular lining of blood vessels.

A

Endothelium

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4
Q

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.

A

Artery

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5
Q

Small diameter blood vessels that immediately precede capillaries in circulation.

A

Arteriole

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6
Q

Smallest of blood vessels across which the oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide, and the water solution making up blood can readily cross.

A

Capillary

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7
Q

Valves found at the start of the smallest of blood vessels that control blood flow particularly in response to oxygen needs of affected tissues.

A

Precapillary sphincter

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8
Q

Blood vessel carrying blood towards the heart.

A

Vein

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9
Q

The small diameter blood vessels that immediately follow capillaries in circulation.

A

Venules

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10
Q

Blood flow that goes from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart

A

Pulmonary circulation

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11
Q

Drained interstitial fluid on its way to return via vessels to the blood.

A

Lymph

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12
Q

Route by which interstitial fluid drains from tissues to return to blood.

A

Lymphatic vessel

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13
Q

The liquid portion of blood.

A

Plasma

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14
Q

Blood protein involved structurally in blood clotting.

A

Fibrinogen

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15
Q

Blood proteins that serve to maintain the osmotic balance of blood.

A

Albumins

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16
Q

Proteins found in blood involved in transport as well as immune functions as antibodies.

A

Globulins

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17
Q

Naturally occurring non-proteinaceous anticoagulant added to blood to prevent clotting.

A

Heparin

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18
Q

The liquid portion of blood minus fibrinogen.

A

Serum

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19
Q

Cells along with cell-like structures found in blood.

A

Formed elements

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20
Q

Oxygen-carrying formed elements that circulate in some abundance within blood.

A

Red blood cells

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21
Q

Alternative name for red blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

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22
Q

Protein found in red blood cells that binds to and then carries oxygen.

A

Hemoglobin

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23
Q

Formed elements involved in an animal’s immune response.

A

White blood cells

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24
Q

Formed elements involved in blood clotting.

A

Platelets

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25
Aggregations of the protein fibrin to seal larger holes that can form in blood vessels due to injury.
Blood clot
26
Blood condition associated with predisposition to cardiovascular disease even independent of cholesterol levels.
Elevated triglyceride levels
27
Means by which the blood of different individuals can be distinguished in terms of its interaction with immune systems, as employed towards matching blood donors with recipients.
ABO blood group system
28
Means by which the blood of different individuals can be distinguished in terms of its interaction with immune systems, as important particularly in terms of blood transfusion as well as carriage of fetuses by mothers who are lacking in the associated antigen.
Rh blood group system
29
Organ responsible for pumping blood.
Heart
30
Primary tissue of which hearts are composed.
Cardiac Muscle
31
Largest artery in the body, serving to feed systemic circulation.
Aorta
32
Largest vein in the body, serving to drain systemic circulation.
Vena cava
33
Major vein draining the head and the front limb or arm end of the body.
Superior vena cava
34
Major vein draining the tail and the rear limb or legs end of the body.
Inferior vena cava
35
Major pumping chamber of hearts.
Ventricle (heart)
36
Major pumping chamber of pulmonary circulation.
Right ventricle
37
Major pumping chamber of systemic circulation.
Left ventricle
38
Initial but less essential pumping chamber of hearts.
Atrium
39
Initial but less essential pumping chamber of pulmonary circulation.
Right atrium
40
Initial but less essential pumping chamber of systemic circulation.
Left atrium
41
Means by which backflow of blood is prevented during the beating of the heart.
Heart valves
42
Means by which backflow is prevented between ventricles and atria.
Atrioventricular valves (AV valves)
43
Reversible partition between the left ventricle and the left atrium of the heart.
Bicuspid valve
44
Reversible partition between the right ventricle and the right atrium of the heart.
Tricuspid valve
45
Means by which backflow is prevented between ventricles and the major arteries that they feed with blood.
Semilunar valves
46
The interior lining of the heart.
Endocardium
47
The muscular layer of the heart.
Myocardium
48
The outer, connective tissue layer making up the heart.
Epicardium
49
Double-layer connective tissue sack that encloses the heart.
Pericardium
50
Volume within animals containing the heart.
Pericardial cavity
51
Specialized cardiac muscle cells that conduct action potentials between different parts of the heart to increase the coordination of the heart's contraction.
Purkinje fibers
52
Measure of blood flow through the ventricles.
Cardiac output
53
The blood vessels that are directly responsible for supplying blood to cardiac muscle.
Coronary arteries
54
Measure of the extent to which the beating of the heart results in a pushing of the circulating fluid against especially arterial walls.
Blood pressure
55
Sudden increase in blood pressure associated with systole.
Pulse
56
Interval over which the chambers in the heart fill with blood.
Diastole
57
Minimum blood pressure recorded over a given interval during blood pressure determination.
Diastolic pressure
58
Interval over which the heart is actively pumping blood.
Systole
59
Maximum blood pressure recorded over a given interval during blood pressure determination.
Systolic pressure
60
Animal gas exchange organs of breathing.
Lungs
61
Lung-enclosing serous membranes that serve to reduce friction between lungs and associated body cavity walls.
Pleura
62
Volume within animals containing the lungs.
Pleural cavity
63
Exchange by animals of gasses with those in the air as mediated by active flow of air over specialized body tissues.
Breathing
64
Uptake of oxygen from and release of carbon dioxide to the environment by an organism.
External respiration
65
Uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide within the body.
Internal respiration
66
Somewhat external air handling anatomy including the external nose, the associated nasal cavity, and the pharynx.
Upper respiratory tract
67
Anatomy associated with the warming, filtering, and moistening of air in the course of inhalation.
Nose
68
The internal volume found behind the external nose.
Nasal cavity
69
Volumes that are found within aspects of bodies, particularly air-filled spaces within bones.
Sinuses
70
The back of the mouth and nose, also known as the throat
Pharynx
71
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoles.
Lower respiratory tract
72
Post-pharynx cartilaginous connector to the trachea that includes the epiglottis, glottis, and vocal cords.
Larynx
73
Flap responsible for sealing the larynx during swallowing so that passage of food or water into the trachea may be avoided.
Epiglottis
74
Connective tissue associated with the larynx that serves to impart vibrations on air especially during exhalation.
Vocal cords
75
Cartilage reinforced, collapse-resistant passageway from larynx to lungs.
Trachea
76
Large tubes through which air passes within lungs.
Bronchi
77
Smaller tubes through which air passes within the lungs.
Bronchioles
78
Microscopic pouches within lungs where majority of gas exchange occurs.
Alveoli
79
Collections of microscopic pouches responsible for majority of gas exchange within lungs.
Alveolar sacs
80
Molecule that can simultaneously dissolve in both water and lipids, potentially resulting in suspension of the latter in the former.
Surfactant
81
Blood vessels that supply unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries
82
Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart.
Pulmonary veins
83
Means by which the rib cage is moved upward to effect inhalation.
Intercostal muscles
84
Means by which the thoracic cavity expands towards the abdominal cavity to effect inhalation.
Diaphragm
85
Amount of air entering the lungs per each inhalation or exiting the lungs per each exhalation under normal unforced conditions.
Tidal volume
86
Volume of air that is the difference between fully inflated lungs via inhalation and fully deflated lungs via exhalation.
Vital capacity
87
Cells found within the medulla oblongata of the brain stem that control the pace of breathing.
Respiratory center

Biology 1102 (19 decks)

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